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IP Router Architecture

Explore the detailed breakdown of IP router architectures, functions, and components, including Tier-1, Tier-2, and Tier-3 ISPs, network maps, and the role of routers in data transmission. Learn about datapath and control plane functions, centralized vs. distributed architectures, and essential line card components.

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IP Router Architecture

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  1. IP Router Architecture Masoud Sabaei Assistant professor Computer Engineering and Information Technology Department, Amirkabir University of Technology

  2. ISPs categories: Internet Service Providers (ISPs) categories: • Tier-1 ISPs: Major telecommunication companies whose high-speed global networks form the Internet backbone. (such as UUNet, Sprint, Qwest, XO Network, and AT&T) Tier-2 ISPs: Smaller than tier-1 ISP which buy the network capacity from other providers. (such as America Online and Broadwing.) • Tier-3 ISPs: Regional service providers. (such as Verizon and RCN)

  3. Network map of a Tier-1 ISP, XO Network

  4. Point of presence (POP):

  5. Three distinct backbone design paradigms of Tier-1 ISPs. Sprint AT&T Level 3 national network infrastructure

  6. Routers in the Market Popular Enterprise, Edge, and Core Routers in the Market

  7. Replacing a Cluster of Mid-size Routers with Large-Capacity Scalable Routers

  8. Function of IP Routers IP routers’ functions can be classified into two categories: • Datapath functions • Control plane functions The datapath functions such as forwarding decision, forwarding through the backplane, and output link scheduling are performed on every datagram that passes through the router. The control plane functions include the system configuration, management, and exchange of routing table information. These are performed relatively infrequently.

  9. Router Architectures Router architectures generally fall into two categories: centralized (Fig. a) and Distributed (Fig. b).

  10. Typical Router Architecture

  11. Line Card Components Components of a Line Card: • Transponder, • Framer, • Network Processor (NP), • Traffic Manager (TM), And • Central Processing Unit (CPU).

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