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Cognitive Development, sexuality, and Mental health through the lifecycle. Includes all the lovely soft topics you know and love. Disclaimer. Faculty has not reviewed or vetted the information contained herein. If you think this material is any way accurate, you are mistaken.
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Cognitive Development, sexuality, and Mental health through the lifecycle. Includes all the lovely soft topics you know and love
Disclaimer • Faculty has not reviewed or vetted the information contained herein. • If you think this material is any way accurate, you are mistaken. • Celebrity voices are impersonated
List the stages of cognitive development as proposed by Piaget and correlate them with the child’s age
Investigating the world and their relationship to it via the senses • Infant realizes the external world is not an extension of themselves • Object permanence • Objects continue to exist even if out of site. • Attachment • Bond to parents and family • Ainsworth’s Strange Situation can be used to identify attachment patterns
Parallel play • Egocentrism • Everyone thinks as they think and shares their feelings and desires • Animism • Sense of oneness with the world leads to belief in magical omnipotence. • Nature is alive and controlable • Artificialism • Natural phenomenon are created by humans • Conservation • Shapes and volumes • Classification • Treating objects as groups
Increased organization and logical thinking • Only extends to concrete objects • Cannot reason abstractly
Some people may never reach formal operations in any or all areas • Abstract thought • Mathematical reasoning • Ability to reason contrary to fact
List the primitive reflexes and postural reactions found in infants
Primitive • Moro response • Asymmetric tonic neck reflex • Galant reflex • Symmetric tonic neck reflex • Postural reactions • Landau reaction • Derotative righting • Propping • Parachute
Describe the relationship between reflexes and postural reactions. How are they predictive of injury or developmental problems in both children and adults?
Reflexes do not involve cortical processing whereas postural reactions do. Thus delays in achieving postural reactions indicate communication issues with the cortex. Re-emergence indicates degeneration of previously communicating pathways. For instance consider the re-emergence of babinski in adults with spinal cord damage.
Absence of a reflex • Perserveration of a reflex beyond the normal range • Unequal bilateral response • Hyper and hypo active response • Milestones out of sequence
Describe the general pattern of motor development overlaid on the body
Cephalo -> caudal • Medial -> lateral • Ulnar -> radial
Motor • Gross • Fine • Language • Receptive • Expressive • Problem solving • Visual spatial • puzzles • Visual motor • Drawing • Social • Adaptive (ADL’s)
A bit tricky as it depends on perspective. You can interpret this as either genotype or phenotype or a combination. CAIS genotypic male with female external phenotype and testicles is…?
If considering only two genders, male and female, a persons gender identity is an internal construct of themselves as male or female.
Major psychological stress as a result of a disconnect between a person’s gender identity and gender expression
The 2% of the population that does not meet the traditional definition of male and female sex. This includes individuals with atypical sex chromosomes or physical trait combinations that merge or deviate from the norm. • AKA - intersex
The sex (gender?) toward which a person is oriented to for mating behavior.
List several biologic causes of intersexuality, the genotype, the external phenotype
Definitions are not succinct in notes. • Abuse is active and involves direct action that causes harm and includes general physical abuse as well as sexual abuse. • Neglect appears to be passive in that children to not receive something they need for their health, safety, or development. Food, clean housing, love, etc.
Identify the time periods in which significant organic changes occurs in the developing brain
Fetal • Max density at 3-6 months • Pruning begins in late fetal life and continues through early childhood • Childhood • Increasing synaptic density from 6-12 years • Peaks a few years before puberty
Frontal lobe • Amygdala • Nucleus accumbens
Selective attention • Working memory • Decision making • Memory inhibition
Describe the deficiencies in the teenage amygdala and its consequences for behavior
Amygdala is over-active and the frontal lobe is under-active in teenagers compared to adults. Teens tend to misread facial expressions.
Describe how immaturity of the nucleus accumbens leads to risk taking behavior in teens