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Terrain Analysis

Terrain Analysis. Terrain Analysis Defined.

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Terrain Analysis

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  1. Terrain Analysis

  2. Terrain Analysis Defined • The collection, analysis, evaluation, and interpretation of geographical information on the natural and man-made features of the terrain combined with other relevant factors to predict the effect of terrain on military operations. (FM 1-02 Operation Terms and Graphics)

  3. Terrain Analysis--Relevance • Used during the OPORD process • Conducted during the METT-TC phase of the Troop Leading Procedures (TLPs) • Uses the acronym OCOKA to identify and evaluate the effects of terrain and weather on all military operations

  4. Terrain Analysis--OCOKA O bservation and Fields of Fire Cover and Concealment Obstacles Key Terrain Avenues of Approach

  5. OCOKAObservation and Fields of Fire • Observation is the ability to see the threat either visually or through use of surveillance devices. • Fields of Fire are areas that a weapon or group of weapons may effectively cover with fire from a given position.

  6. Check on Learning:Observation & Fields of Fire

  7. OCOKACover and Concealment • Cover is protection from the effects of direct and indirect fires. • Concealment is protection from observation.

  8. Check on Learning:Cover and Concealment

  9. OCOKAObstacles • An obstacle is any obstruction designed to disrupt, turn, fix or block the movement of an opposing force in order to impose additional losses to personnel, time and equipment. • Obstacles can be natural or manmade, or a combination of both • Obstacles are classified as existing and reinforcing

  10. Purpose/Effects of Obstacles • Disrupt—upsets the enemy’s formation, tempo, timetable, and forces him to commit forces prematurely and attack in a piecemeal fashion • Fix—prevents the enemy from moving any part of his force from a particular location for a particular period of time • Turn—forces the enemy from one avenue of approach or route onto another • Block—denies the enemy access to an area or prevents his advance along a direction or avenue of approach

  11. Check on Learning:Obstacles

  12. OCOKAKey Terrain • Any locality or area of which the seizure, retention, or control affords a marked advantage to either combatant. • Decisive Terrain—Key terrain whose seizure, control, or retention is mandatory for mission success • Seize versus secure Key Terrain

  13. Check on Learning:Key Terrain

  14. OCOKAAvenues of Approach • An air or ground route of an attacking force of a given size leading to its objective or to key terrain in its path • Mobility Corridor - Areas where a force will be canalized due to terrain restrictions. They allow military forces to capitalize on the principles of mass and speed • Routes and Infiltration Lanes—more defined course to be traveled, may or may not be along a mobility corridor

  15. Classification of Terrain • Unrestricted terrain • Restricted terrain • Severely restricted terrain

  16. Check on Learning:Classify Terrain

  17. Terrain AnalysisEffects of Weather & Light • OCOKA • Troops • Vehicles • Equipment

  18. Check on Learning:How weather effects military operations

  19. Check on Learning:How weather effects military operations

  20. Questions?

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