Unit 6 – Cardiovascular, Lymphatic and Digestive Systems

1. Unit 6 – Cardiovascular, Lymphatic and Digestive Systems Presented by Terry Bond, Adjunct Faculty Kaplan University

2. Anatomy of the human heart The human heart is one of the most intricate and dependable organs within the body. It beats millions of times in a person’s life, pumping oxygenated blood to all organs and removing toxic wastes by transporting them to organs such as the liver and kidneys. What are the chambers of the heart called? What are the 4 valves within the heart?

3. Anatomical terms • Pericardium • Myocardium • Arteries • Veins • Aorta • Vena cava • Tricuspid valve (i.e.. three cusps) • Bicuspid valve (mitral valve) • Semilunar valves (pulmonary and aortic valves)

4. Combining word forms • Angi/o • Aort/o • Arteri/o • Cardi/o • Ventricul/o • Ather/o • Isch/o • Thromb/o

5. Disease and disorder terms – built from word parts • Who can name some of these terms? I will help you start off: • Aortic stenosis – narrowing and stiffening of the aortic valve • Atherosclerosis – hardening of plaque within blood vessels which can cause occlusions • Cardiomegaly – enlargement of the heart

6. Disease and disorders - not built from word parts • Congenital heart disease • Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) • Myocardial infarction • Embolus • Congestive heart failure (CHF)

7. DID YOU KNOW? • A hemorrhoid is a varicose vein in the rectum! • Angina pectoris was originally believed to be a disorder of the breast – it was later determined to be a result of a coronary syndrome • The disease Hodgkin’s was first identified by a pathologist; Thomas Hodgkin, in 1832 but wasn’t named until 1865 by another physician

8. Surgical, procedural, and diagnostic terms • Defibrillation • Embolectomy • Laser angioplasty • Arteriogram • EKG – electrocardiogram • TEE – transesophageal echocardiogram • Cardiac catheterization • Sphygmomanometer

9. Complementary terms • CPR – cardiopulmonary resuscitation • BP – blood pressure • Occlusion • Systole • Serum • Heart murmur • vasodilator

10. Anatomy of the lymphatic system The function of the lymphatic system is to adjust metabolic activity to absorb tissue fluids (commonly called lymph) The lymph travels through a series of nodes, organs, and vessels throughout the body.

11. Anatomy of the Blood • Composition of blood: • Plasma • Serum • Cells • Red blood cells • White blood cells • Platelets

12. Body’s Defense – the Immune System • Natural skin barriers • Phagocytosis • Protective proteins • Antibodies • B-cells • T-cells

13. Word Parts • Lymph/o • Lymphaden/o • Myel/o • Phleb/o, Ven/o • Splen/o • Plasm/o

14. Anatomy of the digestive system • What do these body parts do? • Liver • Gallbladder • Pancreas • Oral cavity (mouth) • Small intestine • Large intestine

15. Anatomical terms • Palate • Pharynx • Duodenum • Cecum • Salivary glands • Gallbladder • Pancreas • Peritoneum

16. Combining forms • Duoden/o • Esophag/o • Gastr/o • Stomat/o • Sigmoid/o • Diverticul/o • Pylor/o

17. Disease and disorder terms – built from word parts • Appendicitis • Cholecystitis • Gastroenteritis • Pancreatitis • Gingivitis • Hepatitis • Peritonitis • Rectocele

18. Disease and disorder terms – not built from word parts • Anorexia nervosa • Cirrhosis • Crohn’s disease • Gastric ulcer • GERD – gastroesophageal reflux disease • Ileus • Obesity • Ulcerative colitis

19. Surgical, procedural, and diagnostic terms • Gastroplasty • Bariatric surgery • Hemicolectomy • Laparotomy • Anastomosis • Cholangiogram • Colonoscopy • EGD – esophagogastroduodenoscopy • Sigmoidoscopy • Guaiac test (stool for occult blood)

20. Complementary terms • Aphagia • Dysphagia • Gastroenterologist • Nasogastric • Peritoneal • Rectal • Sublingual • Ascites • Diarrhea • Gastric lavage • Hematemesis • Nausea and vomiting (N & V)