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The Nervous System

The Nervous System. Jim Pierce Bi 145a Lecture 7, 2009-10. The Nervous System. The collections of nerve cells and supporting structures that are distributed throughout the body. The parts include: …. The Nervous System. Central Nervous System Encased in Bone Brain, Spinal cord

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The Nervous System

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  1. The Nervous System Jim Pierce Bi 145a Lecture 7, 2009-10

  2. The Nervous System • The collections of nerve cells and supporting structures that are distributed throughout the body. • The parts include: …

  3. The Nervous System • Central Nervous System • Encased in Bone • Brain, Spinal cord • Peripheral Nervous System • Not encased in Bone • Periperal Nerves, Ganglia

  4. The Nervous System • Autonomic Nervous System • The afferent and efferent nerves that innervate the body organs to coordinate the internal environment (homeostasis) • Somatic Nervous System • The afferent and efferent nerves that innervate the musculoskeletal and integumetary systems for the purposes of motor function and sensation.

  5. The Nervous System • Enteric Nervous System • The network of nerves that innervate the gut and coordinate gut function • Vascular Nervous System • The network of nerves that innervate the blood vessels and coordinate vascular smooth muscle function

  6. The Nervous System • Similar structures have different names • Ganglion versus Nucleus • Collections of cell bodies • Nerves versus Radiation, Capsule, and Corpus Callosum • Collections of Axons

  7. The Nerve Cell

  8. Nerve Tissue

  9. Nerve Tissuestructure

  10. Central Nervous System • There is a tremendous amount of architecture to the CNS • We will proceed by layersfrom the outside in

  11. Skull IntramembranousOssification

  12. Spine

  13. Skull and SpineDevelopment

  14. Skull and SpineDevelopment

  15. Skull and SpineDevelopment

  16. Meninges • Scalp • Skin • Cutaneous Tissue • Aponeurosis • Loose Areolar Tissue • Periosteum • Bone • Meninges • Dura Mater • Arachnoid Membrane • Pia Mater

  17. Meninges

  18. Meninges • The Durais the realbrainskeleton • Its foldsdivide thevault intorooms

  19. Meninges

  20. Meninges There is more to the meninges than just connective tissue

  21. Meninges and Vessels

  22. Meninges and Vessels • Meninges providesupport for Vessels • Where do thevessels run?

  23. Epidural Hematoma • Understanding the Meninges takes a bonk on the head

  24. Subdural Hematoma • Understanding the Meninges takesa bonk on the head

  25. Subarachnoid Hematoma • Understanding the Meninges takesa bonk on the head

  26. Intracerebral Hematoma • Understanding the Meninges takesa bonk on the head

  27. Arteries • MeningealArteriesarrive fromthe side • They travelin the outerlayer of thedura mater Rostral

  28. Arteries • Brain Arteriesarrivefrom below • They travelthrough thesubarachnoidspace

  29. Blood Inflow

  30. Veins • The smallerBrain Veinsalso travel through the subarachnoidspace

  31. Veins • Thesedrain intosinuses… • The sinuslives in thesubduralspace

  32. Veins

  33. Blood Outflow

  34. Blood Outflow InternalJugular (once it exits the skull)

  35. Meningeal Nerves Trigeminal Nerve Ganglion Middle Meningeal Artery • Only themeninges areinnervatedwith sensoryfibers • The brainis not Meningeal Nerves

  36. CNS

  37. Ventricles Originally, These ventricleswere the inside ofthe neural tube

  38. Choroid Plexus • Just like the brain is wrappedwith pia mater • The ventricles are lined with ependymal cells • Something special happens whena blood vessel meets an ependymal cell

  39. Choroid Plexus • This is a special secretory organthat makes Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

  40. CSF Flow • CSF • Produced in thelateral ventricles • Absorbed by thearachnoid villi

  41. Arachnoid Villi Dura Arachnoid The arachnoid villiare specialized“absorbing” filters

  42. Brain Support • Bone • Face Attachment • Holds CSF and Supports Meninges • Meninges • Main brain support • Suspends, Compartmentalizes, and Coats • Cerebrospinal Fluid • In a bony container, allows dissipation ofsudden shocks (forces)

  43. Brain Tissue

  44. Brain Tissue White Matter Grey Matter

  45. Nerve Tissue

  46. Small Vasculature • Superficial arteries give “perforators” • Perforators attempt to penetrate bydiving deep into brain • Pia Mater wraps every vessel as it penetrates

  47. Small Vasculature • This is theblood-brainbarrier • ArteryCapillary Vein • All wrappedin Pia Mater

  48. Blood Brain Barrier

  49. Conservation of Mass • Monro-Kellie Doctrine • Total amount of intracranial mass is fixed • Brain Cells • Brain Extracellular Matrix • Cerebrospinal Fluid • Blood Volume

  50. Spinal Cord

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