“Evacuating Safely”-One Size Doesn’t Fit All!

1. “Evacuating Safely”-One Size Doesn’t Fit All! Sign up free NFPA “e-ACCESS” newsletter @www.nfpa.org/disabilities

2. Bill Scott, Founding Member &ChairNFPA DARAC (Deceased) “All people, regardless of their circumstances, have some obligation to be prepared to take action during an emergency and to assume some responsibility for their own safety.”

3. My Goal Today:

4. Changing Our Mindset…

5. Changing Our Mindset…

6. Changing Our Mindset…

7. Changing Our Mindset… Clearing a Path for People with Disabilities Clears a Path for Everyone

8. Why Write This Guide? • Asked by the U.S Access Board because: • Older existing buildings generally aren’t “accessible”- • Many new buildings aren’t fully accessible • Some responsibility for ourselves-

9. Framing the Issue • There’s 1 first responder for every 113 people (ave.) • 15 of the 113 are people with disabilities.

10. Framing the Issue • The problem is worse in big cities. • San Diego has 1 first responder for every 348 people • 34 of those are people with disabilities.

11. Framing the Issue • If you need food, water, shelter or emergency aid, hundreds, if not thousands, of others will need them too.

12. Consider that…….. • The larger the disaster, the more quickly first responders become overwhelmed.

13. What Events Might Affect You? • Fire • Earthquake • Flood • Storm • Attack • Man-made event, Chemical spill, etc

14. How Much Warning Time? • Fire – Building: 1-5 minutes depending on the alarm system or lack thereof

15. How Much Warning Time? • Fire –Wildland: Normally, fire danger rating systems provide a 4 to 6 hour early warning of the highest fire danger for any particular day that the weather data is supplied.

16. How Much Warning Time? • Earthquake: Studies of earthquake early warning methods in California have shown that the warning time would range from a few seconds to a few tens of seconds, depending on the distance to the epicenter of the earthquake.

17. How Much Warning Time? • Hurricane – The warning is issued 36 hours in advance of the anticipated onset of tropical-storm-force winds to allow for important preparation.

18. How Much Warning Time? • Tornado - 13 Minutes is the average warning time before a tornado hits

19. How Much Warning Time? • Flood: Flood watches, which are the first level are issued when conditions suggest a possibility of flooding, or if flooding is anticipated within 12-48 hours

20. How Much Warning Time? • Tsunami - Simulations from the Cascadia Subduction Zone just off our coast show that an initial tsunami wave can reach the coast in 20 to 30 minutes - so time is limited. Geologic history showed waves can be as high as 30 feet. So you must get at least that high above sea level.

21. How Much Warning Time? • Lightening - You are in danger from lightning if you can hear thunder. Because light travels so much faster than sound, lightning flashes can sometimes be seen long before the resulting thunder is heard

22. How Much Warning Time? • Volcanic eruption. It is impossible to predict the date of an eruption. Volcano warning systems are based on a probability of an eruption or hazard.

23. How Much Warning Time? • Attack (Active shooter, etc.) – None

24. How Much Warning Time? • Man-made (Chemical spill, etc) - None

25. How Far Do You Have To Go?

26. Who Can Help You?

27. 41 Deadliest Disasters 1970-2006 • 6 – Hurricanes • 25 - Earthquakes (1 Tsunami) • 5 - Floods (including 2 landslides) • 1 - Volcanic eruption • 1 - Heat Wave (Europe) • 1 - Dam Failure (Morvi) • 1 - Boat collision (Philippines) • 1 - Snow storm (Iran) 1,698,115 Deaths - None in the USA

28. The 40 Costliest Disasters 1970-2006 • 18- Hurricanes (15 in the USA) • 4- Earthquakes (1 Tsunami) (2 in the USA) • 2- Floods (0 in the USA) • 1-Fire into urban area (1 In USA) • 1- Terrorist Attack (1 in the USA) • 9- Storms (3 in the USA) • 1-Explosion (1 in the USA) • 1-Tornado (1 in the USA) 9,494 Deaths – 24 out of the 40 Most costly (60%)

29. Deaths From Major Events Are Minor in the USA • 9,494 deaths over 36 years in USA • 9,500 deaths in 1 Day from Earthquake in Marashtra, India (9/30/1993)

30. The U.S. Fire Problem • In 2010 - 1,331,500 fires reported in the US. • 3,120 civilian deaths, • 17,720 civilian injuries, • $11.6 Billion damage • 482,000  structure fires • 2,755 civilian deaths (88%) • 15,420 civilian injuries • $9.7 Billion damage. • Ave. = 0.006 deaths per structure fire (6 per every 1000 fires.) • Ave.= $20,124 damage per fire

31. The U.S. Fire Problem • U.S. Most Costly Disasters 1970-2006 (36yrs.) • 9,494 Deaths • 1970-2006 Civilian Fire Deaths • Approx. 3100/ year • 112,320 Deaths • 10 times more likely to need to evacuate

32. Disability is about:

33. Disability is about:

34. Disability is about:

35. Disability is about: each and every one of us at some point in our lives when we don’t fit the “norm.” If we think about what we would want when we become disabled, rather than if, we truly will be able to make great progress for all people Photo by Christian Koehn

36. American Statistics 316,450,569 Total Pop. (2015) 39.9 million - one or more disabilities. 27.28 million - age 65 or over. 19.14 million - age 75 and older.

37. American Statistics 70%

38. American Statistics 8,000

39. American Statistics 7.5 million

40. American Statistics 8.1 million

41. American Statistics 33.3 million

42. Learning Confucius once said • Read it, forget it. • See it, remember it. • Do it, understand it.

43. The Ten Parts of an Evacuation • What is the event? • How are you notified & how much warning time? • How far do you have to go to evacuate? • How long will you have to stay out of your home? • What transportation is available? • Where is Shelter? • How will you communicate? • What essentials are needed? • When can you return? • Can you rebuild?

44. What’s Covered in the “Guide”? • The “Guide” is focused on two of the ten parts of an evacuation: • What’s the event and how do you get notification? • How do I get out of the building? (or the inner three rings of the “Incident Area Model”)

46. Three Parts of a Building Evacuation System • The circulation path • The occupant notification system(s) • Directions to and through the circulation paths

47. Four Items of Information (from Notification System) • What is the emergency? • Where is the way out? • Can I Use It? • What Assistance Do I Need?

48. Five Categories of Disabilities: • Mobility • Visual • Hearing • Speech • Cognitive

49. Sections of the Checklist: • Occupant Notification • Way Finding • Use of the Way • Type of Assistance Needed • Number of Assistants Needed • Services Animal

50. The “Guide” can be used with Groups