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Resources Bellringers Chapter Presentation Transparencies Standardized Test Prep

Classification Chapter C7 Table of Contents Section 1Sorting It All Out Section 2Domains and Kingdoms

Section 1Sorting It All Out Chapter C7 Bellringer Think about the different ways humans classify things. In your science journal, list at least five things that humans classify.

Section 1Sorting It All Out Chapter C7 Objectives • Explain why and how organisms are classified. • List the eight levels of classification. • Explain scientific names. • Describe how dichotomous keys help in identifying organisms.

Section 1Sorting It All Out Chapter C7 Why Classify? • Answering Questions The classification of living things makes it easier for biologist to answer many important questions such as: 1. How many known species are there? 2. What are the defining characteristics of each species? 3. What are the relationships between these species?

Section 1Sorting It All Out Chapter C7 How do Scientists Classify Organisms? • Classification Today Taxonomists use the eight-level system to classify living things based on shared characteristics. • Branching Diagrams On a branching diagram, several characteristics are listed along the line that points to the right. Each characteristic is shared by the animals to the right of it.

Section 1Sorting It All Out Chapter C7

Section 1Sorting It All Out Chapter C7 Levels of Classification • Kingdoms and Beyond The eight levels of classification are: 1. Domain 2. Kingdom 3. Phylum 4. Class 5. Order 6. Family 7. Genus 8. Species

Section 1Sorting It All Out Chapter C7 Scientific Names • One Species, One Name A scientific name is always the same for a specific kind of organism no matter how many common names there might be. • Two-Part Names The first part of a species’s name is the genus name. It is always capitalized. The second part of the name is the species name.

Section 1Sorting It All Out Chapter C7 Dichotomous Keys • What Is a Dichotomous Key? A dichotomous key is a tool for identifying organisms that uses a series of paired descriptive statements. • Two-Part Names By working through the statements in a dichotomous key in order, a person can eventually identify an unknown organism.

Section 1Sorting It All Out Chapter C7 A Growing System • Still Discoveries to Make People are still discovering and classifying organisms. • Discovery Unique Organisms Sometimes new organisms are found that are so different from other known organisms that new classes, phyla, and so on must be formed.

Section 2Domains and Kingdoms Chapter C7 Bellringer List seven musical artists, bands, or acts. Categorize the names on your list by style of music. Describe in your science journal the categories you chose and explain which bands might fit into more than one category.

Section 2Domains and Kingdoms Chapter C7 Objectives • Explain how classification developed as greater numbers of organisms became known. • Describe the three domains. • Describe four kingdoms in the domain Eukarya

Section 2Domains and Kingdoms Chapter C7 What Is It? • What Is Used to Classify Organisms? Organisms are classified by their characteristics. • Adding New Classification Categories As scientists continue to learn about living things, they add classification categories that account for the characteristics of different organisms.

Section 2Domains and Kingdoms Chapter C7 The Two Kingdoms of Bacteria • The Domain Archaea Archaea are one of two kinds of prokaryotes. Prokaryotes are single-celled organisms that do not have a nucleus. Most are known to live in extreme environments. • The Domain Bacteria Bacteria are another kind of prokaryote. Bacteria can be found in soil, water, and even on and inside the human body.

Section 2Domains and Kingdoms Chapter C7 The Domain Eukarya • The Kingdom Protista Today members of the kingdom Protista commonly called protists, are single-celled or simple multicelluar organisms. • Protista contains many kinds of organisms, including protozoans, algae, and euglenoids.

Section 2Domains and Kingdoms Chapter C7 The Domain Eukarya, continued • The Kingdom Fungi Molds and mushrooms are examples of the complex, multicelluar members of the kingdom Fungi. • Fungi do not perform photosynthesis or eat food. Instead, fungi absorb nutrients from substances in their surroundings.

Section 2Domains and Kingdoms Chapter C7 The Kingdom Plantae • Plants The kingdom Plantae consists of organisms that are eukaryotic, have cell walls, and make food through photosynthesis. • Examples of Plantae Sequoia trees, roses, grasses, ferns, and more are all examples of members of the kingdom Plantae.

Section 2Domains and Kingdoms Chapter C7 The Kingdom Animalia • Animals The kingdom Animalia contains complex, multicellular organisms that don’t have cell walls, are usually able to move around, and have specialized sense organs. • Examples of Animalia Ants, beetles, lizards, fish, birds, apes, elephants, and more are all examples of members of the kingdom Animalia. • Simple Animals Most animals are able to move, but sponges, a simple animal, cannot move.

Classification Chapter C7 Concept Map Use the terms below to complete the concept map on the next slide.

Classification Chapter C7

End of Chapter C7 Show

Standardized Test Preparation Chapter C7 Reading Read each of the passages. Then, answer the questions that follow each passage.

Standardized Test Preparation Chapter C7 Passage 1When organizing life on Earth into categories, we must remember that organisms are not equally distributed throughout the categories of our classification system. We often think of Earth’s living things as only the plants and animals that live on Earth’s surface. However, the largest domains in terms of mass are the domains Archaea and Bacteria. And a common home of archaea and bacteria may be deep within the Earth’s crust.

Standardized Test Preparation Chapter C7 1. In the passage, what does distributed mean? Adivided Bimportant Cvisible Dvariable

Standardized Test Preparation Chapter C7 2. According to the passage, what are most of the organisms living on Earth? Fplants Ganimals Hfungi I archaea and bacteria

Standardized Test Preparation Chapter C7 2. According to the passage, what are most of the organisms living on Earth? Fplants Ganimals Hfungi Iarchaea and bacteria

Standardized Test Preparation Chapter C7 3. Which of the following statements is a fact according to the passage? AAll organisms are equally distributed over Earth’s surface. BPlants are the most important organisms on Earth. CMany bacteria may live deep within Earth’s crust. DArchaea and bacteria are equally distributed over Earth’s surface.

Standardized Test Preparation Chapter C7 Passage 2When you think of an animal, what do you imagine? You may think of a dog, a cat, or a parrot. All of those organisms are animals. But the animal kingdom also includes some members that might surprise you, such as worms, insects, corals, and sponges.

Standardized Test Preparation Chapter C7 1. In the passage, what is coral? Aa kind of animal Ba kind of insect Ca color similar to pink Dan organism found in lakes and streams

Standardized Test Preparation Chapter C7 2. What can you infer from the passage? FAll members of the animal kingdom are visible. GParrots make good pets. HNot all members of the animal kingdom have DNA. IMembers of the animal kingdom come in many shapes and sizes.

Standardized Test Preparation Chapter C7 3. Which of the following can you infer from the passage? AWorms and corals make good pets. BCorals and cats have some traits in common. CAll organisms are animals. DWorms, corals, insects, and sponges are in the same family.

Standardized Test Preparation Chapter C7 4. In the passage, what does members mean? Fteammates Glimbs Hindividuals admitted to a club Icomponents

Standardized Test Preparation Chapter C7 Interpreting Graphics The Venn diagrams below show two classification systems. Use the diagrams to answer the questions that follow.

Standardized Test Preparation Chapter C7 1. For Classification system A, which of the following statements is true? AAll organisms ingroup 6 are in group 7. BAll organisms ingroup 5 are in group 4. CAll organisms ingroup 6 are in group 1. DAll organisms ingroup 2 are in group 1.

Standardized Test Preparation Chapter C7 2. For Classification system A, which of the following statements is true? FAll organisms ingroup 3 are in group 2. GAll organisms ingroup 3 are in group 4. HAll organisms ingroup 3 are in group 1. IAll organisms in group 3 are in every other group.

Standardized Test Preparation Chapter C7 3. For Classification system B, which of the following statements is true? AAll organisms ingroup 1 are in group 6. BAll organisms ingroup 6 are in group 1. CAll organisms ingroup 3 are in group 1. DAll organisms ingroup 2 are in group 5.

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