The Dairy Industry

1. The Dairy Industry • An Introduction to the Animal Industry

2. Name at least twenty food items butter goes great with. • Warm-up

3. Why Dairy? • high nutritional value: high in protein and essential vitamins and minerals • milk comes from the cow as processed food and requires very little additional processing • other dairy products include cheese, butter, yogurt, and ice cream

4. How much dairy do we eat? • In the U.S., every year the average person consumes: • 29 gallons of milk • 24 pounds of cheese • 16 pounds of ice cream • 4 pounds of butter • 4 pounds of yogurt

5. Where does milk come from? • every state produces milk but most milk comes from California, Wisconsin, New York, Pennsylvania, and Minnesota • Holsteins (think Chick-Fil-A cows) make up most of the dairy population • Jerseys (the Mayfield cow) rank 2nd

6. Don’t Forget about Goats! • can survive and produce milk on a lower quality forage and less land than is needed for cows • very important in developing countries and are a dual-purpose animal (can be used for milk and meat) • In the U.S., most dairy goats are kept by hobbyists but goat milk is becoming more popular.

7. Milk Production • must produce a calf each year to produce milk • colostrum: the first milk after giving birth, high in nutrients and antibodies for the calf • grazed on pasture and fed silage (chopped green corn and other crops that are fermented to help preserve the feed) • in the past, cows had to be milked by hand now milking machines are used

8. Dairy Products all originate at the dairy farm

9. Most Dairy Products in the US come from Dairy Cows with Holsteins being the most prominent breed.

10. The Farm The cows are placed in the holding pen while they are waiting to be milked.

11. The Farm Worker’s view of the parlor Cow’s view of the parlor Next, the cows are placed in the milking parlor. This is where the actual milking takes place.

12. The Farm Milking unit The cows are lined up one behind the other at an angle so that the utters are facing the milking units

13. The Farm Cow’s teat (1 of 4) The teats have been sprayed with teat dip in order to clean them before milking and will be wiped off with a clean paper towel before the milker is placed on the teats.

14. The Farm After the teats are cleaned the milking unit is then placed on the cow. The average milking time for a cow is five minutes.

15. Automatic wash system- runs sanitation wash through all pipes and milking units to sanitize after each milking. The Farm Pulsator- provides suction for the milking units. Main control to the milking system.

16. The Farm The milk from the cows will finally end up in the bulk tank. When the milk truck driver arrives it is his responsibility to take samples of the milk from the bulk tank.

17. From the Cow to Your Table milk harvested from the cows in the parlor fluid milk is rapidly cooled in a holding tank (the bulk tank) a tanker truck picks up the milk and hauls it to the processing plant milk is tested for bacteria and drug residues after filtering and removing the cream, the milk is homogenized so it will not separate out pasteurization (heating and cooling the milk) kills harmful bacteria packaged and sent to retail stores

18. BST • bovine somatotropin (BST) • a naturally occurring hormone used to stimulate increased milk production (all milk contains BST) • it is digested and does not get into the human bloodstream • the FDA has determined that it is safe for both cows and humans

19. Grades of Milk • Grade A: the only milk that can be used for beverage or fluid milk • farms are held to strict regulations for cleanliness and other standards to be able to sell Grade A milk • Grade A milk is also used for manufactured products • Grade B: can only be used for manufactured products not fluid products

20. Cheese Production • a “starter culture” of bacteria is added to pasteurized milk • fermentation changes the sugars to acids which causes the milk to form a solid called curd • rennet (an enzyme) is added to speed up the process • liquid is drained off (called whey) • the curd is then heated to contract and get rid of any remaining whey • the cheese is then salted, pressed into a form, and cured or aged

21. Yogurt • a processed milk product that is eaten frozen or in soft form • concentrated milk is heated and then rapidly cooled • bacterial cultures are added to cause the milk to ferment • this causes the acidity to increase (helps preserve the yogurt) and produces the flavor • packaged with fruit or other flavorings