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The Reconstruction Era After the Civil War

Explore the ruins post-Civil War and the impact on the United States. Learn about Reconstruction plans, Acts of Congress, Lincoln's and Johnson's initiatives, and the rise of Radical Reconstruction. Discover the changes in the South and the challenges faced by freedmen.

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The Reconstruction Era After the Civil War

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  1. DO NOW • Define the term “Reconstruction” as it is used following the Civil War.

  2. The Reconstruction Era Ruins seen from the capitol, Columbia, S.C., 1865. Photographed by George N. Barnard. 165-SC-53. http://www.archives.gov/research/civil-war/photos/images/civil-war-113.jpg

  3. Learning Goals • EQ • Was Reconstruction a success or a failure? • LT • Assess the impact of the Civil War and Reconstruction on the United States. • POU (I’ll know I’ve got it when…) • I can compare and contrast the Reconstruction plans of Abraham Lincoln, Andrew Johnson, and Radical Republicans.

  4. After the War • South lay in ruins (destroyed) • Nearly 4 million freedman (freed slaves) needed food, clothing, & jobs • President Lincoln planned for Reconstruction, the rebuilding of the South Ruins seen from the Circular Church, Charleston, S.C., 1865. 111-B-4667. http://www.archives.gov/research/civil-war/photos/images/civil-war-112.jpg

  5. Lincoln’s Reconstruction Plan • Reunite Union quickly • Southern state could form a new government after 10% of its voters swore loyalty to U.S. • States also had to abolish slavery http://www.archives.gov/research/civil-war/photos/images/civil-war-188.jpg

  6. Acts of Congress • Freedman’s Bureauwas created by Congress • It gave food, clothing, & other kinds of help to the freedman. • 13th Amendment • Ratified in 1865 • Ended slavery throughout the U.S. • Congress wants stricter Reconstruction

  7. Glimpses at the Freedmen - The Freedmen's Union Industrial School, Richmond, Va. / from a sketch by Jas E. Taylor (1866). • Room of African American women sewing. http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/aaodyssey:@field(NUMBER+@band(cph+3a33775))

  8. Lincoln is assassinated by John Wilkes Booth on April 14, 1865 • Andrew Johnson became President John Wilkes Booth http://www.archives.gov/research/civil-war/photos/images/civil-war-198.jpg http://www.archives.gov/research/civil-war/photos/images/civil-war-202.jpg

  9. Reconstruction Plan of Andrew Johnson • A majority of southern voters must swear loyalty to the U.S. • Each state must approve the 13th Amendment • Forgive war debts Andrew Johnson, Vice President & President http://www.archives.gov/research/civil-war/photos/images/civil-war-187.jpg

  10. Response to Johnson’s Plan • Southern States met Johnson’s demands • Freedmen were still not allowed to vote & former Confederate Leaders were elected to Congress • Radical Republicans in Congress decide to take over Reconstruction

  11. Radical Reconstruction • Radical Republicans in Congress decide to take over Reconstruction • They wanted to break the power of the southern planters and to make sure African Americans had the right to vote. • Reconstruction Acts are passed to take over Reconstruction http://history.sandiego.edu/gen/sespics/34004.jpg

  12. Radical Reconstruction • Southern states had to ratify the 14th and 15th Amendments • 14th Amendment, 1868 – All people born in the U.S. are citizens. No state may take away rights of citizens. • 15th Amendment, 1870 – The right to vote cannot be denied to citizens because of their race or color or because they were once enslaved. • Southern states had to write new state constitutions • Created 5 military districts that would govern the South

  13. Changes in the South? • Southern Republicans (scalawags), whites from the North (carpetbaggers), & freed African Americans played important roles in southern governments. • South occupied by U.S. military for nearly 10 years • Ku Klux Klan (KKK) -- formed by white southerners to help them regain power & to keep African Americans and White Republicans out of office. Link to Pictures:http://www.grant.k12.ca.us/schools/rljr/students/resistance_to_reconstructi.htm

  14. RECONSTRUCTIONEXIT QUIZ • Use your notes from today to help you complete the quiz. • Turn in the quiz as you leave the classroom today. • Have a great weekend!

  15. Reconstruction Ends • Reconstruction ended after presidential candidate Rutherford B. Hayes made a private deal with southern politicians. • After Reconstruction, a new industrial economy began to emerge in the South. • Southern whites pass new laws to deny African Americans equal rights. • Poll Taxes, Literacy Tests, & Grandfather Clauses • Segregation, Jim Crow Laws, Lynching • Civil Rights Movement (100 years later)

  16. Sources • Civil War Pictures from the National Archives http://www.archives.gov/research/civil-war/photos/ • Many Reconstruction http://cla.calpoly.edu/~lcall/204/outline.weekfour.html

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