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DISEASE OF POULTRY

DISEASE OF POULTRY. DR. NAGY EÖRSNÉ Central Veterinary Institute, Budapest Department of Poultry Pathology. ANTE MORTEM INSPECTION. At the farm before transportation to the slaughterhouse the poultry flock must be examined by veterinarian.

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DISEASE OF POULTRY

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  1. DISEASE OF POULTRY DR. NAGY EÖRSNÉ Central Veterinary Institute, Budapest Department of Poultry Pathology

  2. ANTE MORTEM INSPECTION • At the farm before transportation to the slaughterhouse the poultry flock must be examined by veterinarian. • A certificate must be composed on the results of this inspection and the pre-life of the flock • If the certificate is available – and it is negative – and it does not indicate the necessity of special measures, the ante mortem inspection at the slaughterhouse will include the identification of transported flock and control of injuries took place during transportation, furthermore the examination of dead birds. • Based on these data and examinations the veterinarian decides whether the flock will be submitted to normal or special slaughter or further special examination.

  3. HUNGARIAN ZOO SANITARY CODE41/1997.(V. 28.) FM. r.Notifiable Diseases • O.I.E. list A • Newcastle disease (Paramyxovirus) • Avian influenza (Orthomyxovirus) • Duck plaque (Herpesvirus) • O.I.E. listB • Fowl cholera • Fowl typhoid In case of these diseases the flock is slaughtered separately – mostly at the end of the day- as it is not condemned

  4. Diseases of Poultry  Zoonosis • Paratyphoid (Salmonellosis, except typhoid) • Campylobacteriosis • Chlamydiosis • Tuberculosis • /Anthrax/

  5. Inspection of the surface • injuries (as consequences of transportation) • inflammation of skinarthritissynovitis (infection of Staphylococcus aureus) • Marek’s disease (skin form)

  6. Inspection ofvisceral organs and the bodycavityBacterial infections • Salmonellosis (Fowl typhoid) • Pasteurellosis (Fowl cholera) • E. coli septicaemia • Staphylococcosis • Streptococcosis

  7. Septicaemia • haemorrhages and/or fibrinous inflammation on seromembranes • pleuritis • pericarditis • air sacculitis • liver, spleen conditions: • enlarged • friable (associated with subcapsular haemorrhages) • lungs,intestines, genitals

  8. Paratyphoid(Salmonellosis)Zoonosis • S. enteritidis • S. typhimurium • S. infantis • S. hadar • S. agona • S. saint-paul • S. bovis-morbificans …etc.

  9. Gram negative rods with filaments • Sensitivity: 70° C 5 min fresh meat - 2-3 weeks frozen meat - years • Pathology: septicaemia (enlarged spleen, liver, necrotic foci, enteritis (fibrinous inflammation in caecum! - water fowl! ) • Total condemned for human consumption! • Slaughterhouse hygenie, household hygenie(contamination!)

  10. Fowl typhoid • Salmonella gallinarum/pullorumadapted to special hostGram negative rods without any filaments • sensitive to 70°C 5 minin fresh meat for 2-4 monthin frozen meat for yearsin water for 4-6 weeks • Germinative transmission!

  11. Pathology: • enlarged spleen liver within small necrotic foci • white-grey (necrotic) nodules in myocardium in lungs in intestine • fibrinous inflammation of seromembranes • degenerated follicles on ovary,salpingitis • arthritis

  12. Poultry meat is partial condemned for human consumption • only the affected areas are condemned(mostly the parenchymal organs and intestines - in case of arthritis the legs are removed)

  13. TuberculosisZoonosis • Mycobacterium avium • Gram negative, Ziehl-Nelsen positive slim rods • Main character: acid- and alcohol-fastness • Sensitivity: (Pasteur) • 85°C - 1 sec • 72-76°C - 14-45 sec • 62-65°C - 30 min

  14. Domesticated birds: adult onlywild- exotic birds (ZOO), ostrich • Pathology:bad conditiongrey-yellow nodules of varying sizes in - diff. organs- intestines- bone marrow • Condemned for human consumption

  15. Colibacillosis • Gram negative rods • septicaemia • coligranulomatosis (intestine, mesenterium) • CRD • Partial condemned for human consumption

  16. Chronic Respiratory DiseaseMycoplasmosis • Mycoplasma gallisepticum • Mycoplasma synoviae • Mycoplasma meleagridis • Mycoplasma iowae • Mycoplasma anseris • Mycoplasma cloacalae • Mycoplasma anatum • Ureaplasmas

  17. Pathogenicy varied, mostly fakultative pathogen ! • In general Mycoplasmas are colonizing mucosal surfaces • They are associated with bacteria and/or viruses (respiratory virus infection, E. coli, Ornithobacterium..) • stressimmunsuppression (viral diseases, mycotoxins..)

  18. Fowl cholera/Pasteurellosis • Mainly in turkey, water fowl • Pasteurella multocida acute form chronic form • Gram negative coccoid-rodsSensitivity: 60°C 2 min • Pathology: septicaemia arthritis salpingitisfibrinopurulent meningitisfibrinous inflammation of phallus • Septicaemia - condemnedChronic form: partial condemned (except cachexia)

  19. Erysipelas • Water fowl • Erysipelothrix rhusiopatiaeGram positive rodssensitivity: mild • septicaemia • Diff. diagn.: Pasteurellosis (septicaemia) • Partial condemned for human consumption

  20. Staphylococcosis • Staphylococcus aureusGram positive coccus • Ubiquiter, pathogen if allowed entry through the skin or mucousal membranes • Pathology:septicaemia – young birdsarthritis, periarthritissynovitis, osteomyelitis - adultgangrenous dermatitis (wings, legs) in broilers • Condemned or partial condemned

  21. CampylobacteriosisZoonosis • Campylobacter jejuniC. coli • Microaerophyl, Gram negative, mild sensitivity • It is an intestinal commercial in broiler breeders, layer-type breeders, turkey. • Hepatitis (enteritis) in poultryEnteritis in human Slaughterhouse and household hygiene!

  22. Chlamydiosis (Ornithosis)Zoonosis • Chlamydia psittaci • Intracellular • Pigeon, turkeys, ducks, gees, pheasant • Inhaling dust from feces or feather • Slaughterhose hygenie

  23. AnthraxZoonosis • It occurs rarely in birds where the disease is endemic. • Chicken are highly resistant. • Ducks have occasionally developed the disease • Ostriches are moderately susceptible, often with high mortality. (Dis.of Poultry. Barnes)

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