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Theories of Personality

Theories of Personality. 14.2: Psychoanalytic Theory. Freud and the Unconscious. Freudian Slips: Definition? Mistakes or slips of the tongue that we make in everyday speech which reflect our unconscious thoughts or wishes. Freud’s Model of Personality.

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Theories of Personality

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  1. Theories of Personality 14.2: Psychoanalytic Theory

  2. Freud and the Unconscious • Freudian Slips: Definition? Mistakes or slips of the tongue that we make in everyday speech which reflect our unconscious thoughts or wishes

  3. Freud’s Model of Personality • Structural Concepts of the Personality: • Id: • houses our instinctual and biological urges; operates in the unconscious • Operates according to the “pleasure principle” seeking immediate gratification

  4. Freud’s Model of Personality • Structural Concepts of the Personality: • Ego: • Is mostly conscious • Operates according to the “reality principle” being rational and thoughtful

  5. Freud’s Model of Personality • Structural Concepts of the Personality: • Superego: • Is mostly conscious • Operates according to the “moral principle” serving as our conscience, incorporating the ideals of our caretakers (parents) Source of our guilt

  6. Defense Mechanisms • Our ego’s job is so difficult, it makes us resort to psychological defenses. • Come from unconscious part of the ego • Using dm’s sometimes is necessary, but when used excessively will lead to avoidance of solving problems

  7. Defense Mechanism: Rationalization • Making up excuses for behaviors that cause people to feel anxious

  8. Defense Mechanism: Repression • Pushing disturbing thoughts and memories out of awareness without ever realizing it

  9. Defense Mechanism: Denial • Refusing to accept the reality of something that makes you anxious

  10. Defense Mechanism: Projection • Belief that impulses coming from within are really coming from other people

  11. Defense Mechanism: Reaction Formation • Replacing an unacceptable feeling or urge with an opposite one

  12. Defense Mechanism: Regression • Going back to an earlier and less mature pattern of behavior

  13. Defense Mechanism: Displacement Occurs when you cannot take out your anger on the source of your frustration, so you displace it or take it out on a less powerful person.

  14. Defense Mechanism: Sublimation Redirecting a forbidden desire into a socially acceptable desire Review in video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=feZjLymV1gQ&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1

  15. Freud’s Contributions Personality develops during the first five years of life First to propose a theory to understand and explain human behavior Controversial to this day

  16. Other Psychoanalysts Carl Jung: Disagreed with Freud: • More positive view of human nature • Distinguished between the personal unconscious and collective unconscious Collective unconscious: contains inherited instincts, urges and memories common to all people

  17. Other Psychoanalysts Carl Jung: Archetype: The inherited ideas based on the experiences of one’s ancestors Alfred Adler: Everyone struggles with inferiority Inferiority complex: a pattern of avoiding feelings of inadequacy rather than trying to overcome their source

  18. Other Psychoanalysts Fromm: Need to belong Horney: Importance of basic anxiety and basic hostility Erikson: 8 pychosocial stages that everyone goes through, emphasizing the importance of interacting with others

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