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LESSON OBJECTIVES/ GOALS/ SWBAT Explain the four goals of progressivism.

STANDARD(S) ADDRESS: 11.2 Students analyze the relationship among the rise of industrialization, large-scale rural-to-urban migration, and massive immigration from Southern and Eastern Europe. LESSON OBJECTIVES/ GOALS/ SWBAT Explain the four goals of progressivism.

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LESSON OBJECTIVES/ GOALS/ SWBAT Explain the four goals of progressivism.

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  1. STANDARD(S) ADDRESS: 11.2 Students analyze the relationship among the rise of industrialization, large-scale rural-to-urban migration, and massive immigration from Southern and Eastern Europe. LESSON OBJECTIVES/ GOALS/ SWBAT • Explain the four goals of progressivism. • Summarize progressive efforts to clean up government. • Identify progressive efforts to reform state government, protect workers, and reform elections.

  2. A BULLDOG ALWAYS Commitment Attitude CARES Respect Encouragement Safety

  3. Section 1 The Origins of Progressivism Political, economic, and social change in late 19th century America leads to broad progressive reforms. NEXT

  4. SECTION 1 The Origins of Progressivism Four Goals of Progressivism • Concerns of Progressives • Early 1900s, middle-class reformers address problems of 1890s • Different reform efforts collectively called progressive movement • Reformers aim to restore economic opportunity, correct injustice by: • - protecting social welfare, • promoting moral improvement • - creating economic reform, • fostering efficiency Continued . . . NEXT

  5. ORIGINS OF PROGRESSIVISM As America entered into the 20th century, middle class reformers addressed many social problems Work conditions, rights for women and children, economic reform, environmental issues and social welfare were a few of these issues Chapter 9 Section 1

  6. FOUR GOALS OF REFORMERS 1) Protect Social Welfare 2) Promote Moral Improvement 3) Create Economic Reform 4) Foster Efficiency

  7. SECTION 1 continuedFour Goals of Progressivism Protecting Social Welfare • Social Gospel, settlement houses inspire other reform groups • Florence Kelley, political activist, advocate for women, children - helps pass law prohibiting child labor, limiting women’s hours Continued . . . NEXT

  8. 1.PROTECT SOCIAL WELFARE Industrialization in the late 19th century was largely unregulated Employers felt little responsibility toward their workers As a result Settlement homes and churches served the community Also the YMCA(Young Christian Men’s Association) and Salvation Army took on service roles

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  10. SECTION 1 continuedFour Goals of Progressivism Promoting Moral Improvement • Some feel poor should uplift selves by improving own behavior • Prohibition—banning of alcoholic drinks • Woman’s Christian Temperance Union spearheads prohibition crusade Continued . . . NEXT

  11. 2. PROMOTE MORAL DEVELOPMENT Some reformers felt that the answer to societies problems was personal behavior They proposed such reforms as prohibition Groups wishing to ban alcohol included the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)

  12. Chapter 9:1 The Origins of Progressivism A – Why did the prohibition movement appeal to so many women? Many women believed this was an area in which they could make a difference in society.

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  14. SECTION 1 continuedFour Goals of Progressivism Creating Economic Reform • 1893 panic prompts doubts about capitalism; many become socialists • Muckrakers—journalists who expose corruption in politics, business NEXT

  15. 3. CREATE ECONOMIC REFORM The Panic of 1893 prompted some Americans to question the capitalist economic system As a result some workers embraced socialism Eugene Debs organized the American Socialist Party in 1901 Debs encouraged workers to reject American Capitalism

  16. MUCKRAKERS CRITICIZE BIG BUSINESS Though most progressives did not embrace socialism, many writers saw the truth in Debs’ criticism Journalists known as “Muckrakers” exposed corruption in business Ida Tarbell exposed Standard Oil Company’s cut-throat methods of eliminating competition Ida Tarbell

  17. B – What contribution did muckrakers make to the reform movement? Muckrakers exposed the dangers and corruption of industrial life to the public.

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  19. SECTION 1 continuedFour Goals of Progressivism Fostering Efficiency • Many use experts, science to make society, workplace more efficient • Louis D. Brandeis uses social scientists’ data in trial • Scientific management—time and motion studies applied to workplace • Assembly lines speed up production, make people work like machines - cause high worker turnover NEXT

  20. 4. FOSTERING EFFICIENCY Many Progressive leaders put their faith in scientific principles to make society better In Industry, Frederick Taylor began using time & motion studies to improve factory efficiency Taylorism became an Industry fad as factories sought to complete each task quickly

  21. C – Contrast the goals of scientific management with other progressive reforms. Scientific management reformers worked to improve efficiency and productivity, while other reformers aimed at improving behavior or addressing economic inequality.

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  23. SECTION 1 Cleaning Up Local Government • Reforming Local Government • Reformers try to make government efficient, responsive to voters • Some cities adopt government by commission of experts • Many use council-manager: people elect council that appoints manager NEXT

  24. CLEANING UP LOCAL GOVERNMENT Efforts at reforming local government stemmed from the desire to make government more efficient and responsive to citizens Some believe it also was meant to limit immigrants influence in local governments

  25. SECTION 1 Cleaning Up Local Government • Reform Mayors • Hazen Pingree of Detroit tackles taxes, transit fares, corruption • Socialist Tom Johnson of Cleveland fights corrupt utility companies NEXT

  26. D – How did city government change during the Progressive Era? The commission system and council-manager system were introduced; Some reform mayors made citizens more active in managing cities.

  27. SECTION 1 Reform at the State Level Reform Governors • Governors push states to pass laws to regulate large businesses • Robert M. La Follette is 3-term governor, then senator of Wisconsin - attacks big business Continued . . . NEXT

  28. REGULATING BIG BUSINESS Under the progressive Republican leadership of Robert La Follette of Wisconsin led the way in regulating big business Robert La Follette

  29. SECTION 1 Reform at the State Level Protecting Working Children • Child workers get lower wages, small hands handle small parts better - families need children’s wages • National Child Labor Committee gathers evidence of harsh conditions • Labor unions argue children’s wages lower all wages • Groups press government to ban child labor, cut hours Continued . . . NEXT

  30. PROTECTING WORKING CHILDREN As the number of child workers rose, reformers worked to end child labor Children were more prone to accidents caused by fatigue Nearly every state limited or banned child labor by 1918

  31. E – Why did the reformers seek to end child labor? Businesses exploited children, paying them low wages and forcing them to work long hours in dangerous conditions.

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  33. Public Utilities

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  36. SECTION 1 continuedReform at the State Level • Efforts to Limit Working Hours • Muller v. Oregon—Court upholds limiting women to 10-hour workday • Bunting v. Oregon—upholds 10-hour workday for men • Reformers win workers’ compensation for families of injured, killed Continued . . . NEXT

  37. EFFORTS TO LIMIT HOURS The Supreme Court and the states enacted or strengthened laws reducing women’s hours of work The Illinois Factory Act eliminated Child Labor and reduced the number of hours women could work Progressives also succeeded in winning worker’s compensation to aid families of injured workers

  38. SECTION 1 continuedReform at the State Level Reforming Elections • Oregon adopts secret ballot, initiative, referendum, recall • Initiative—bill proposed by people, not lawmakers, put on ballots • Referendum—voters, not legislature, decide if initiative becomes law • Recall—voters remove elected official through early election • Primaries allow voters, not party machines, to choose candidates NEXT

  39. ELECTION REFORM Citizens fought for, and won, such measures as secret ballots, referendum votes, and the recall recall referendum

  40. ELECTION REFORM Citizens could petition and get initiativesonthe ballot In 1899, Minnesota passed the first statewide primary system

  41. SECTION 1 continuedReform at the State Level Direct Election of Senators • Seventeenth Amendment permits popular election of senators NEXT

  42. DIRECT ELECTION OF SENATORS Before 1913, each state’s legislature had chosen its own U.S. senators To force senators to be more responsive to the public, progressives pushed for the popular election of senators As a result, Congress passed the 17th Amendment (1913)

  43. F – Summarize the impact of the direct election of senators? Members of the Senate were no longer appointed by state legislatures, over whom special interest had influence. Instead Senators were elected by popular vote.

  44. Guided Reading:

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