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MCB100 Introductory Microbiology January 19, 2018

MCB100 Introductory Microbiology January 19, 2018. MCB 100 Introductory Microbiology Spring 2018 Reading assignment: Microbiology By: Robert Bauman CHAPTER 1 I. The Scale of Microorganisms II. A Survey of Major Groups of Microorganisms

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MCB100 Introductory Microbiology January 19, 2018

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  1. MCB100 Introductory Microbiology January 19, 2018

  2. MCB 100 Introductory Microbiology Spring 2018 Reading assignment: Microbiology By: Robert Bauman CHAPTER 1 I. The Scale of Microorganisms II. A Survey of Major Groups of Microorganisms III. The History of Microbiology

  3. If you use Top Hat,the courseID for MCB100 is:794709. If you are not using Top Hat, please sign anattendance sheetbefore leaving.

  4. MCB100 Course Text Book (required) Microbiology – with diseases by taxonomy 5th custom Ed. for the University of Illinois By Robert Bauman ISBN: 1-323-47025-5 Mastering Microbiology (optional) Supplemental Materials for Microbiology by Robert Bauman, from Pearson Course ID# MMBCHAPMAN32341 (course id appears to not be case sensitive) Pearson Publishing Representative Scott Brodkin Email: Scott.Brodkin@pearson.com

  5. Types of Microorganisms 1. Cellular Organisms (definitely alive) A. Prokaryotes (no nuclear membrane) B. Eukaryotes (normal nucleus) 2. Subcellular Aggregates of Molecules (alive ???) Viruses, Viroids and Prions Traits of All Living Cells - Able to Grow and Reproduce (can convert nonliving nutrients into living cytoplasm) - Genetic material is DNA - Metabolism (hundreds of controlled biochemical reactions that are catalyzed by enzymes) - Able to make or acquire ATP (an energy rich molecule) - Able to synthesize proteins (This requires: energy from ATP, ribosomes, mRNA, a set of tRNAs and 20 amino acids.) - Bound by an active cell membrane (a diffusion barrier)

  6. Virus and Bacteriophage Structure and Life Cycle Viruses differ from bacteria in that they are not cellular organisms. Viruses consist of some genetic material, which may be either DNA or RNA, surrounded by a coat of protein which is also known as the capsid. Some animal viruses also have a membrane-like envelope of lipids and proteins but many viruses lack this feature. Viruses lack ribosomes and tRNAs, so they can not synthesize proteins on their own. Viruses contain few or no enzymes, they lack metabolic pathways. Viruses lack ATP and have no means of generating ATP. Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites. They must be inside a living host cell in order to have life-like functions such as reproduction. Outside a host cell, a virus is just an aggregate of non-living molecules.

  7. II. A Survey of the Major Groups of Microorganisms Viruses, Archaea, Bacteria, Fungi, Protozoa, Algae ALL CELLS HAVE A CELL MEMBRANE BUT SOME TYPES OF CELLS LACK A CELL WALL. Have Cell Wall Lack Cell Wall - Most Bacteria - Mycoplasma - Archaea - Animals - Plants - Protozoa - Fungi - Algae

  8. Cells without cell walls tend to have flexible shapes. Right: Mycoplasma pneumonia size: ~ .50 micronsFar Right: Amoeba proteus size: ~10 micronsCells with cell walls have more defined, rigid shapes.Right: Haloquadratum walsbyi size: ~ 1 micronFar Right: A diatom size: ~15 microns

  9. The cytoplasmic membrane controls diffusion of materials into and out of a cell.(Also known as: cell membrane, plasma membrane) A cell membrane is made of lipids and proteins. The interior of a cell membrane is an oily, hydrophobic, environment.

  10. Cross section through a bacterial cell showing the cell wall on the outside of the cytoplasmic membrane. From Rhodes University – New Zealand

  11. One can divide all organisms into two types based on the presence of a defined nucleus in the cells. In some species, the cells have nuclei. While the cells of other species don’t have a distinct nuclear compartment. compartment.

  12. CELL TYPES OF MICROORGANISMS PROKARYOTESEUKARYOTES Bacteria Protozoa Archaea Fungi Algae Pro = before Eu = normal Karyos = nucleus Bacterial cells don’t have a nuclear membrane, eukaryotic cells do.

  13. Differences Between Prokaryotic Cells vs. Eukaryotic Cells TRAIT EUKARYOTES PROKARYOTES Nuclear Membrane yes no Endoplasmic Reticulum yes no Mitochondria mostly yes no Membrane bound organelles often yes no Ribosome size 80S 70S Chromosome number plural single Chromosome shape linear circular Mitosis, Meiosis and sex mostly yes no Size mostly 4 – 20 mm mostly 0.5 – 3 mm

  14. Eukaryotic Microorganisms Fungi Yeast Mold

  15. Eukaryotic Microorganisms

  16. Eukaryotic Microorganisms Protozoa Amoeba

  17. Eukaryotic Microorganisms

  18. Eukaryotic Microorganisms Algae

  19. Eukaryotic Microorganisms

  20. Prokaryotic Microorganisms Bacteria

  21. Prokaryotic Microorganisms

  22. Prokaryotic Microorganisms Archaea

  23. Prokaryotic Microorganisms

  24. Sub-cellular Entities (Viruses)

  25. Viroids Infectious particles seen in plants, similar to RNA viruses, except they lack a capsid. Prions Infectious particles that lack nucleic acid. They are altered forms of normal proteins that appear to be able to convert normal proteins to an abnormal shape upon contact. The abnormal form of the protein is associated with disease.

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