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TEMPERATE WOODLAND & SHRUBLAND

TEMPERATE WOODLAND & SHRUBLAND. AKA…CHAPARRAL. CLIMATE. *Occur 30-40 degrees south latitude and 30-50 degrees north latitude *Cool, moist during fall, winter, spring *Hot, dry during summer *Frequent, intense fires (burns out ever 30-40 years)

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TEMPERATE WOODLAND & SHRUBLAND

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  1. TEMPERATE WOODLAND & SHRUBLAND AKA…CHAPARRAL

  2. CLIMATE *Occur 30-40 degrees south latitude and 30-50 degrees north latitude *Cool, moist during fall, winter, spring *Hot, dry during summer *Frequent, intense fires (burns out ever 30-40 years) *10-17 inches of rain/year (70% falls in the 6 winter months) *30-100 degrees Fahrenheit temperature range (64 degree average during coldest months) *Lie in belt of prevailing westerly winds. This is why chaparrals tend to be located on the west sides of continents.

  3. California Chaparral

  4. A short hike through the Chaparral

  5. California Scrub Oak Quercus dumosa Evergreen shrub; 3-10 feet tall; leaves usually have short, sharp or spiny teeth

  6. Pinus torreyana Torrey Pine *Lifespan of a century; grows very slowly *40-60’ tall; 25-40’ wide *Produces edible Pinon nuts *1 pound cones measuring 4-6” long *Mature tree has roots up to 200’ long!

  7. Mariposa Manzanita Arctostaphylos manazanita ~Perennial shrub ~Grows 6-12 feet high ~Found at elevation between 250-6,500 feet ~Flowers February to April ~Seeds will not germinate unless burned by fire

  8. Evergreen tree with gray-green leaves 25-30 feet tall Olive Tree Oldest known cultivated tree in history! Can live for hundreds of years; some up to 1,000!! Olea europaea

  9. MOUNTAIN MAHOGANY Cercocaarpus montanus *Small deciduous tree/shrub *Grows to 12 feet tall *Can “dwarf” in order to survive *Nicknamed “Hardtack” because it can NOT be killed by axe, drought or fire

  10. Perennial, deciduous shrub 2-12 feet tall Common Sagebrush Artemisia tridentata Leaves with a 3-toothed edge Small white or yellow flowers in groups called florets

  11. California Lilac Ceanothus is a genus consisting of about 20 different species of evergreen shrubs (.5-3m tall) or small trees (6-7m tall) Ceanothus ssp.

  12. ~2-12 foot high evergreen shrub ~Contains highly flammable resins ~Grows quickly from its root crown following fire ~Releases toxins into the soil to inhibit growth of other plants and reduce competition ~Sheds branches & bark during hot summer months Chamise or Greasewood Adenostoma fasciculatum

  13. *Scientific name: Heteromeles arbutifolia *2-5 meter tall evergreen, perennial shrub *Sharply toothed leaves *Small, red, berry-like fruit that persists well into winter *INCORRECTLY, some believe Hollywood derives its name from the numerous “California Holly” bushes that cover the Hollywood hills AKA: Christmas berry and California Holly Toyon

  14. Laurel Sumac Large, rounded, evergreen shrub 10-15 feet tall Commonly found on dry ridges and canyons below 3,000 feet in elevation Very susceptible to frost and is often planted by citrus growers as a frost indicator Malosma laurina

  15. San Joachin Kit Fox Nocturnal omnivore. Prey: ground squirrels, gophers, birds, lizards, nocturnal rodents, hares and rabbits, and some vegetation such as grasses. Predators: coyotes, red foxes, and man. Size: 22-30 cm tall at shoulder, 51 cm length with additional 30 cm long tail, 5 pound weight Reproduction: litters of 3-5 pups, lifespan in the wild of 7 years Vulpes macrotis mutica Youtube video

  16. Red Diamond Rattlesnake Average 2.5-3.5 feet in length. Commonly found in areas of rock and brush. Prey: rodents, rabbits, small mammals and occasionally birds and lizards. Predators: Red-tailed hawk. Reproduction: Mate in April and give birth to 3-20 young during summer. Crotalus exsul Scientific name crotalus is derived from Greek for “rattle or little ball” and exsul from latin meaning “to be exiled or banished” Youtube video

  17. California Quail Also known as the valley quail, it is the state bird of California Callipepla californica Youtube video Feed on seeds, buds, and sometimes insects in flocks called coveys during the early morning hours. Predators include hawks, owls, jays, ravens, skunks, foxes, bobcats, and humans. Lay 12-16 eggs in a shallow hollow or scrape in the ground lined with grass. Incubation takes about 3 weeks. Both parents care for the chicks which are able to fly within 10 days of hatching.

  18. Bewick's wren Diet: Insects and spiders Predators: hawks, owls, and snakes Nesting: 5-7 eggs in a stick nest built in a cavity Named after Thomas Bewick, an English naturalist. Thryomanes bewickii Youtube video

  19. Cnemidophorus hyperythrus A 5-7.2 cm long lizard that is primarily found at elevations below 850m. Dependent on a single species of termite (Western Subterranean Termites) for its principal food source. Their speed reduces risk of predation, so major threats are habitat destruction and introduction of invasive exotic species, like Argentine ants, that displace many native insects that are in the whiptails specialized diet. Clutch sizes of 2-3 eggs that take 50-55 days to incubate Orange Throated Whiptail Lizard

  20. California Condor Worlwide population as of May 2013: 435 with 237 free-flying in California, Arizona and Baja California, Mexico Gymnogyps californianus Size: Largest bird in N. America with a wingspan of 9.5 feet! Diet: Carrion (prefer large animals like deer, cattle and sheep) Lifespan: 45-80 years (average 60) Youtube video

  21. Nocturnal animal that hops on large hind legs much like a kangaroo. 247mm in total length (over half of which is its tail) and weighing 40-50 grams. Lives in large dens dug into the ground with 6-12 entrances. Merriam's Kangaroo rat Diet: seeds, leaves, stems and insects Predators: coyotes, foxes, badgers, snakes, and owls Reproduction: 3 or more litters per year of 1-5 pups each; 3-5 year life span. Dipodomys merriami Youtube video

  22. California Striped Racer snake Masticophis lateralis lateralis Youtube Video AKA: California Whipsnake 3-4 feet long; rarely to 5 Exceptional speed Prey: lizards, small mammals, nesting birds, and other snakes (including rattlesnakes) Threats: habitat destruction Reproduction: lay 6-11 eggs in late May to July that hatch between August through October Range in California

  23. Black-tailed Jackrabbit Truly a hare. Hares are different than rabbits because their babies are born with all their fur and their eyes open. Can run at bursts up to 36 mph. Conserve water by eating food twice (2nd time after defecating the first). Size: 9-13 pounds; 16-28 inches long Diet: tough grasses, leaves, twigs, sagebrush and cacti Predators: coyotes, foxes, bobcats, badgers and weasels Reproduction: Litters of 1-6 every 3-4 months Lepus californicus

  24. Smallest type of skunk. 21-25 inches long. 2 anal glands filled with musk; used for defense only after 2 warnings are ignored. Prey: rats and other small rodents, vegetation, insects, fruits and berries Predators: Great Horned Owls and Bobcats Breeding: mate in October and give birth to an average of 6 pups in March or April; female skunks can delay the birth date until food is plentiful. Spotted Skunk Spilogale gracilis

  25. Large ears act as radiators to cool animals in hot climates. Hairy leaves collect moisture out of the air and insulate against high heat. ADAPTATIONS Seeds that will not germinate without heat of fire cracking their casings. Leathery leaves lock in moisture. Nocturnal behavior avoids high temperatures of daytime sun.

  26. Urban sprawl destroys natural habitat. Human Impact Fire suppression builds up dead woody debri which fuels stronger, more destructive fires in the future. Deforestation for firewood and rangeland destroys natural chaparral habitat.

  27. BIBLIOGRAPHY ~http://www.californiaherps.com/lizards/pages/a.h.beldingi.html ~http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orange-throated ~http://www.gsd.harvard.edu/studios/brc/report/21_whiptail.html ~http://ecoregion.ucr.edu/full.asp?sp_num=29 ~http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Canis_latrans.html ~http://www.wildlifevideo.com/sounds/Coyo1.wav ~http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/kangaroo_rat.htm ~http://www.nsrl.ttu.edu/tmot1/dipomerr.htm ~ http://www.californiaherps.com/snakes/pages/m.l.lateralis.html ~ http://pick4.pick.uga.edu/mp/20q?search=Masticophis+lateralis&guide=Snakes ~ http://www.enature.com/fieldguides/detail.asp?recnum=AR0104 ~ http://www.nhptv.org/Natureworks/blacktailedjack.htm ~ www.mun.ca/.../delta/ arcticf/car/www/caceal.htm ~http://www.werc.usgs.gov/fire/seki/ffs/images/Arctostaphylos_patula_seedlings_P5_small.jpg ~ mcstoppp.org/ images/toyon.jpg ~ japurcell.wordpress.com/ files/2006/09/moon.png ~ www.passion4geography.co.uk/ quotephotos/URBAN… ~ encyclopedia.quickseek.com/ images/C-130_fight…

  28. BIBLIOGRAPHY ~http://infohost.nmt.edu/~biology/biomespresent/tsld033.htm ~http://infohost.nmt.edu/~biology/biomespresent/sld039.htm ~http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/chaparral.htm ~http://www.enature.com/flashcard/show_flash_card.asp?recordNumber=TS0179 ~http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&safe=active&q=Ceanothus&btnG=Search ~http://images.google.com/images?svnum=10&hl=en&safe=active&q=California+Lilac&btnG=Search ~http://www.enature.com/flashcard/show_flash_card.asp?recordNumber=TS0336 ~http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyon ~http://www.calflora.net/bloomingplants/laurelsumac.html ~http://www.sdnhm.org/fieldguide/herps/crot-exs.html ~http://www.nhptv.org/natureworks/californiaquail.htm ~http://www.baynature.com/2002apriljune/quail_2002apriljune.html ~http://www.naturesongs.com/caqu1.wav ~http://www.birdsofoklahoma.net/Bewkwren003.htm ~http://www.mbr-pwrc.usgs.gov/id/htmwav2/h7190so.mp3 ~ www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/ fr/IMG/jpg/05-03-2.jpg

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