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Alexis de Tocqueville (1805-59). Life Democracy in America Evaluation. Age of Revolutions. 1794 great-grandfather Malesherbes guillotined 1804 Napoleon emperor 1815 end of Napoleon and restoration of monarchy (Louis XVIII, 1824 Charles X)
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Alexis de Tocqueville (1805-59) • Life • Democracy in America • Evaluation
Age of Revolutions • 1794 great-grandfather Malesherbes guillotined • 1804 Napoleon emperor • 1815 end of Napoleon and restoration of monarchy (Louis XVIII, 1824 Charles X) • 1830 censorship / suffrage restrictions lead to revolution (Louis-Philippe citizen king) • 1848 monarchy overthrown by reformist demands (Louis Napoleon) • 1851 end of 2nd Republic and return to monarchy (Louis Napoleon crowns himself Napoleon III)
Life 1823-27 studies law 1830 revolution 1830-31 travel to America 1835 Democracy in America part I 1839 elected deputy (monarchy) 1840 Democracy in America part II 1848 elected deputy again / foreign minister (republic) 1851 arrested and imprisoned
Life 1805 born in Normandy 1823-27 studies law 1830 revolution 1830-31 travel to America 1835 Democracy in America part I 1839 elected deputy 1840 Democracy in America part II 1848 elected deputy again / foreign minister 1851 arrested and imprisoned 1856 Ancien Regime and the Revolution 1857 last visit to London 1859 dies of tuberculosis
Democracy in America • Sovereignty of the people v1/p1/ch4 • Federalism v1/p1/ch8 • Government v1/p2/ch1 • Mediocrity v1/p2/ch5 • Moral majority v1/p2/ch7 • Tyranny of the majority v1/p2/ch7 • Federalism as remedy v1/p2/ch8
American Society • “one must go to America to understand the power of material prosperity over political actions.” v1/p2/ch9 • “do not invite an American to speak about Europe; he will usually display great presumption and a rather ridiculous arrogance.” v1/p2/ch9
American Society • “I would be astonished if mysticism did not soon make progress in a nation solely preoccupied with prosperity.” v2/p2/ch12 • “Between the worker and the employer, there are many points of contact but no real relationship.” v2/p2/ch20
American Society • “In their relation with foreigners, Americans seem irritated by the slightest criticism and appear greedy for praise.” v2/p3/ch16 • “The sight of this universal uniformity saddens and chills me.” v2/p4/ch8
Evaluation • Democracy or mass society? • Inequality and conformity • Individualism and federalism