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World War I

World War I. Chapter 9. Causes. Militarism Military and naval buildups Military leaderships have political influence Imperialism Competition for territories/colonies Alliances Nationalism. Alliances. Germany and Austria-Hungary Serbia and Russia France and Russia. Outbreak of War.

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World War I

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  1. World War I Chapter 9

  2. Causes • Militarism • Military and naval buildups • Military leaderships have political influence • Imperialism • Competition for territories/colonies • Alliances • Nationalism

  3. Alliances • Germany and Austria-Hungary • Serbia and Russia • France and Russia

  4. Outbreak of War • Germany seen as threat to rest of Europe • 1914 – A-H Archduke Franz Ferdinand assassinated by Serbian nationalist • Alliances go into motion • A-H declares war on Serbia • Russia mobilizes to attack A-H • Germany declares war on both France and Russia

  5. Sides • Central Powers • Germany • Austria-Hungary • Allied Powers • France • Russia • Great Britain

  6. Characteristics of Warfare • War bogs down on Western Front • Stalemate – trench warfare • Outdated tactics + new technology = massive casualties • Trench warfare • Machine guns • Poison gas • Tanks • Planes

  7. U.S. Entry • U.S. wants to stay neutral • Wilson wins reelection – “He kept us out of the war” • Sympathy to both sides • Propaganda influences U.S. public • Lusitania sunk by German U-Boat – 1915 • Germany makes Sussex Pledge – 1916 • Promises not to sink merchant ships without warning • Zimmerman Telegram – 1917 • Germany asks Mexico to attack U.S. to take back territory in U.S. Southwest • Germany begins Unrestricted Submarine Warfare – 1917 • U.S. declares war - 1917

  8. U.S. Home Front • U.S. not ready to fight a war • Selective Service • Men age 21-30 required to register for draft • War Industries Board • Coordinates production of war materials • Govt propaganda sells the war to the public • Victory Gardens • Lots of rationing, people grow own food at home

  9. End of War • U.S. troops called “Doughboys” • Convoys protect shipping from German U-Boats • Russian Revolution – 1917 • Bolsheviks lead revolution against czar and govt • U.S. forces – AEF • Led by General John Pershing • U.S. forces stay independent from other Allied forces • Fight offensive war • Armistice ends the fighting • 11-11-18 11 AM

  10. Peace • Wilson’s 14 Points • Plan for future peace • Creation of League of Nations • Treaty of Versailles • Goal was to punish Germany • End German threat forever • 1. Germany accepts 100% guilt for war • 2. Germany has to pay harsh reparations to Allies • 3. Germany loses land • 4. German military reduced • 5. New nations created • National Self-Determination

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