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Physical Science EOCT Review

Physical Science EOCT Review. Milton High School. Atomic number – number of protons ; identifies the element Atomic mass – number of protons plus the number of neutrons in the nucleus of atom (protons + neutrons) Protons = positive charge Neutrons = no charge Electrons = negative charge

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Physical Science EOCT Review

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  1. Physical Science EOCT Review Milton High School

  2. Atomic number – number of protons; identifies the element Atomic mass – number of protons plus the number of neutrons in the nucleus of atom (protons + neutrons) Protons = positive charge Neutrons = no charge Electrons = negative charge You can know the number of electrons because in neutral atom the number of electrons is the same as the number of protons

  3. If the atomic number for arsenic is 33 and the atomic mass is 75 then: How many protons does arsenic have? 33 How many neutrons can you find in the nucleus of the arsenic-75? 42 How many electrons in arsenic’s electron cloud? 33

  4. What is an isotope? Isotopes = atoms with different number of neutrons

  5. Fusion or Fission Fusion = joining together two nuclei; example the Sun Fission = splitting apart of atoms; such as in nuclear reactor plants Fission

  6. Phase change – occur as a result of energy being added or taken away from matter As temperature rises, matter moves to a more rapid state

  7. Force = mass x acceleration

  8. F = ma If F = 100 N and m = 50 kg; what is the dog’s acceleration? 100 N = 50kg (a) 100 N /50kg = a 2 m/s2 = a

  9. Mass vs. Weight Weight = mass x gravity

  10. Newton’s First Law of Motion An object at rest will remain at rest and an object in motion will remain in motion unless acted on by an outside net force; objects tend to keep doing what they are doing

  11. Newton’s First Law of Motion

  12. Newton’s Second Law of Motion change of velocity, or acceleration, is related to the mass of the body and the force applied

  13. Newton’s Third Law of Motion For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction

  14. Work = Force x Distance If the blonde boy does not make the rock move is he doing any work? NO…you need distance

  15. More Physics • Speed = distance/time • Velocity is speed in a particular direction • Acceleration is change in velocity/time elapsed

  16. Waves

  17. Electromagnetic Spectrum Electromagnetic waves do not need to travel through a medium Long wavelength = low frequency Short wavelength = high frequency

  18. Speed of Sound – depends on the medium it passes through Sound cannot pass through a vacuum – no molecules present

  19. Sound waves travel faster at higher temperatures and density Sound travels faster through a solid and slower through a gas

  20. Reflection Angle of incidence is equal to angle of reflection

  21. Refraction – bending of waves due to a change in speed

  22. Diffraction- bending of waves around a barrier (all waves can be diffracted)

  23. Interference – when two waves meet while traveling through the same medium (a) Constructive (b) Destructive

  24. Electricity • Electricity – flow of electrons • Voltage – amount of energy available to move electrons • Current – rate of electron flow • Resistance – hindering electron flow

  25. Electricity • Voltage = current x resistance V = IR

  26. Electromagnets More turns of copper wire = stronger magnetic field

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