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Welcome to BIOLOGY!

Welcome to BIOLOGY!. JBHS SCI 204 Mrs. Melissa Harris, MAed. The Goal of Science is to investigate and understand the natural world, to explain events in the natural world, and to use those explanations to make useful predictions. Nature of Science. Scientific knowledge is _public__

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Welcome to BIOLOGY!

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  1. Welcome to BIOLOGY! JBHS SCI 204 Mrs. Melissa Harris, MAed

  2. The Goal of Science is to investigate and understand the natural world, to explain events in the natural world, and to use those explanations to make useful predictions.

  3. Nature of Science • Scientific knowledge is _public__ (ex: Media, newspaper) • Scientific knowledge is ___historic_____ (ex: work of past scientists) • Scientific knowledge is ___replicable___ (ex: repeated experiments w/ the same results) • Scientific knowledge is __tentative___ (ex: subject to change) • Scientific knowledge is __probabilistic___ (ex: problem solving using the ____scientific method___)

  4. What is Biology? *The study of life (greek word bios, meaning _life_- and logos, meaning _study_)

  5. Characteristics of Life • Living things are made of _cells__ • Living things _reproduce__ • Living things _grow__ • Living things _develop__ (living things change during their life)

  6. Living things __respond__ to stimuli in order to maintain _homeostasis_(balance) ex: maintaining __constant internal__-- temperature • Living things use __energy___ (cellular respiration-how organisms obtain energy) • Living things need __food__ (may be consumer or producer) • Living things __adapt__ and can __evolve___ (change)

  7. ORGANISM-anything that possesses all of these characteristics of life. • SPECIES-organism that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring (if not leads to EXTINCTION) • VIRUSES-are not considered to be living-can only REPRODUCE!

  8. Groups of Cells

  9. Levels of Biological Organization Biosphere-Earth

  10. Scientific Inquiry: Thinking Like a Scientist • Scientists collect data by making careful observations. • An Observation is a __record___ or note made by studying something using the __senses__.

  11. Data is __information__ gathered through __observations__. • An Inference is a _deduction__ or assumption based on __observations__ and prior __knowledge___.

  12. THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD

  13. Parts of an experiment • Experiment: __an organized process used to test a hypothesis__ • Variable: factor that might affect the _outcome__ of the test.

  14. Control Group • Group not altered or changed • Used as a standard for comparison • Experimental Group • Group altered or changed

  15. Independent Variable (manipulated variable) • usually goes on x-axis of graph • (I. V.) • factor adjusted by the experimenter • The cause in the experiment (causes change) • Graphed on the x-axis

  16. Dependent variable (responding variable) • usually goes on the y-axis of graph • (D. V.) • Results from the action of the I.V. • The effect in the experiment (changed) • Graphed on the y-axis

  17. Example Washing clothes w/ different types of detergent • IV? • detergent • DV? • How clean the clothes turned out • Control? • The clothes not washed • Constant? • Ink (amount), size, type of ink, time

  18. Constant • Factors that do not change throughout an experiment • Conditions common to both experimental group and control group

  19. Identifying the Controls and Variables Bart believes that mice exposed to microwaves will become extra strong. He decides to perform this experiment by placing 10 mice in a microwave for 10 seconds. He compared these 10 mice to another 10 mice that had not been exposed. His test consisted of a heavy block of wood that blocked the mouse food. He found that 8 out of 10 of the microwaved mice were able to push the block away. 7 out of 10 of the non-microwaved mice were able to do the same. Identify the-1. Control Group Mice not exposed. 2. Independent Variable Amount of microwave exposure 3. Dependent Variable Ability to move the wood block 4. What should Bart's conclusion be? Microwaves have no influence on strength of mice. 5. How could Bart's experiment be improved? Change the activity measured, more experimental groups, etc…

  20. Kinds of Research Quantitative Research 1. Controlled experiments that result in _counts or measurements_ (numerical data) 2. May be used to make _graphs_ or __tables_

  21. Descriptive Research 1. __Written___ descriptions of what scientists __observe_ (observational data) 2. Useful b/c some phenomena _are not appropriate_ for quantitative research

  22. Ways to Present Information: Types of Graphs • A _graph_ is a _visual display of information or data__. • Different kinds of graphs are appropriate for displaying different types of information.

  23. 3 most commonly used graphs • Line Graphs are used to show trends or continuous change • Extrapolation: used to make predictions

  24. 2) Bar Graph are useful for showing information collected by counting

  25. 3) Pie Graphs are used to show how some fixed quantity is broken down into parts

  26. International system or Systeme Internationale (SI) • Metric system is an international system of measurements based on units of 10 • _90%__ of nations use the _metric system_ • allows scientific research to be understandable to scientist around the world • The U.S. uses both the English and metric system

  27. Systeme Internationale (SI) is a modernized version of the metric system created in _1960_ by the French • It uses a decimal system based on units of 10

  28. BASIC SI UNITS USED:

  29. 1 2 3 MetersLitersGrams How do you use the “ladder” method? 1st– Determine your starting point. 2nd– Count the “jumps” to your ending point. 3rd– Move the decimal the same number of jumps in the same direction. Starting Point Ending Point __. __. __. 2 3 1 Ladder Method KILO1000Units HECTO100Units DEKA10Units DECI0.1Unit CENTI0.01Unit MILLI0.001Unit 4 km = _________ m How many jumps does it take? 4. = 4000 m

  30. Compare using <, >, or =. 56 cm 6 m 7 g 698 mg Conversion Practice Try these conversions using the ladder method. 1000 mg = _______ g 1 L = _______ mL 160 cm = _______ mm 14 km = _______ m 109 g = _______ kg 250 m = _______ km

  31. Metric Conversion Challenge Write the correct abbreviation for each metric unit. 1) Kilogram _____ 4) Milliliter _____ 7) Kilometer _____ 2) Meter _____ 5) Millimeter _____ 8) Centimeter _____ 3) Gram _____ 6) Liter _____ 9) Milligram _____ Try these conversions, using the ladder method. 10) 2000 mg = _______ g 15) 5 L = _______ mL 20) 16 cm = _______ mm 11) 104 km = _______ m 16) 198 g = _______ kg 21) 2500 m = _______ km 12) 480 cm = _____ m 17) 75 mL = _____ L 22) 65 g = _____ mg 13) 5.6 kg = _____ g 18) 50 cm = _____ m 23) 6.3 cm = _____ mm 14) 8 mm = _____ cm 19) 5.6 m = _____ cm 24) 120 mg = _____ g

  32. Compare using <, >, or =. 25) 63 cm 6 m 27) 5 g 508 mg 29) 1,500 mL 1.5 L 26) 536 cm 53.6 dm 28) 43 mg 5 g 30) 3.6 m 36 cm

  33. Common Conversions Used in Science 1m= ______ cm 1m= ______mm 1cm= _____mm 1g=____mL 1mL= _______L

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