EAT 455/3

1. EAT 455/3 INDUSTRIALIZED BUILDING SYSTEM By: ROSHAZITA CHE AMAT

2. INTRODUCTION Industrialized Building Systems (IBS): • the complete assembly construction: a construction system where components are manufactured at factories on or off site, transported and then assembled into a structure with minimum work.  • In which parts of buildings such as walls, slabs, beams and staircases produced in the factory under quality control and then it is installed on site. Industrial processes is an investment in equipment, facilities and technology with the objective to maximize production, reduce the human resources and improve the quality of work in which a building system is defined as ten elements joined together to turn the performance was designed for a building.

3. DEFINITION OF IBS 1. FACTORY 2. TRANSPORTATION 3. ASSEMBLE

4. Concept and History of IBS in Malaysia • The concept of IBS is not a new but it began as early as 1624 in which the wooden panel houses brought from England to the area located in North America. • 1700 Industrial Revolution using the application of technology in their construction. • Building design is based on industrial components such as window glass, wood and steel frame. • This building is only takes four months to complete.

5. Concept and History of IBS in Malaysia • In Malaysia, the history of IBS started from 1963, where the government sent the architect of the JabatanKerja Raya(JKR) to Europe to learn more about industrial buildings. • In subsequent years, the architect of the 'Federal Capital Commission' was sent to France for about six months to explore the building systems industry. • The Minister of Housing and Local Government was focus on housing development. • Ministers and officials later visited West Germany, Denmark and France to get more information about the building industry.

6. Concept and History of IBS in Malaysia • Thus, in 1966, the Malaysian government has been implementing two projects by the construction of 3009 units of flats in Jalan Pekeliling, Kuala Lumpur and 3741 units of flats in Jalan Padang Tembak, Pulau Pinang on the following year. • Then Selangor State Development Corporation (PKNS) has obtained a pre-cast concrete technology from Praton Haus International, Germany and build low-cost housing projects and high costs in 1981 and 1993.

7. Concept and History of IBS in Malaysia • The success of the IBS method of construction is seen with a variety of high quality and beautiful structure, especially in the period 1995 to 1998. This includes the construction of KompleksSukan and the PerkampunganSukan Bukit Jalil, the Petronas Twin Towers and Light Rail Transit (LRT). • Benefits IBS can be highlighted as interesting structure of Putrajaya Precinct and projects that improve infrastructure of Kuala Lumpur. This includes the use of multilevel highway construction and transit monorail precast using precast concrete beams.

8. Concept and History of IBS in Malaysia • The government has given strong support to the IBS applications, particularly in the construction of affordable houses and government buildings as contained in the Circular of the Treasury (Surat Pekeliling Perbendaharaan). In which every government project must contain not less than 70% of the SBB component.

9. Concept and History of IBS in Malaysia • Several incentives were provided to encourage the developer using IBS applications, instant approval (green lane) development plan exemption of the Construction Industry Development Board Malaysia (CIDB) to the use of standard plans that are designed based on the coordination of modules (modular coordination).

10. Concept and History of IBS in Malaysia • CIDB also stipulates that to ensure the successful application of this IBS, modular coordination based on MS1064 Standards is very important. It is made to coordinate the position and size components (such as windows, stairs, doors, pillars, floors and walls), and the gaps in the design of a building. This is very important to ensure that each component can be used by any developer for any development project, although it is produced by different manufacturers.

13. Types of IBS Implemented In Malaysia LRT BUKIT JALIL SPORT COMPLEX

14. Types of IBS Implemented In Malaysia KL TWIN TOWER

15. Types of IBS Implemented In Malaysia • After their successful visit in the year 1964, the Government had launched pilot project on IBS to speed up the delivery time and built affordable and quality houses. Nearly, 22.7 acres of land along Jalan Pekeliling was dedicated to the project comprising seven blocks of 17-storey flats (3,000 units of low-cost flat and 40 shop lot). This project was undertaken by Gammon/ Larsen Nielsen using the Danish System of large panels in a pre-fabricated system.

16. Types of IBS Implemented In Malaysia • IBS move to the next step of the development through the establishment of IBS Centre at Jalan Chan Sow Lin, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur. The obligation to implement IBS serves both to improve performance and quality in construction, as well as to minimize dependency on unskilled foreign labour in the construction market.

17. TYPES OF BUILDING SYSTEM

18. TYPES OF BUILDING SYSTEM BUILDING SYSTEM Conventional column-beam-slab frame system with timber and plywood in formwork Cast in-situ system with steel or aluminum as formwork Prefabricated system Composite system Table form Tunnel form Panel system Block system Frame system

19. TYPES OF IBS STRUCTURE In Malaysia, CIDB (2003) has classified IBS into five categories. From structural classification, there are five IBS main groups that are used in Malaysia. • Precast Concrete Systems • Steel Formwork System • Steel-framed building and Roof Trusses • Prefabricated Timber Framing System • Block Work System

20. Precast Concrete Systems • Defined as any precast components that are used in construction industry. • Included all type of precast concrete which shown in Figure 1 to 3 included as follows: • Precast concrete framing, panel and box systems • Precast concrete wall system • Building with precast concrete slab

21. Figure 1: Precast concrete framing, panel and box systems

22. The precast concrete framed system as shown in Figure 1 is one of the most popular forms of ibs. • The precast concrete framed building consists of slab, beam and column component that are fabricated or manufactured off-site using machine and formwork. • The advantage of the system is high degree of flexibility in term of larger clear distance between columns, as a result longer span give bigger open space and greater freedom of areas.

24. Figure 2: Precast concrete wall system

25. Precast concrete wall system consist a structural framework of the building composed of pre-cast slab and load bearing wall. • The load bearing walls and slabs are manufactured off-site and transferred at site to be erected. • The system is preferred in simple and uncomplicated with a lesser degree of flexibility whereas the removal of load bearing wall are restricted during the service life. With careful design and good coordination between erectors and designers, the erection process can be very fast with the number of wet trade in-site can be reduced significantly.

26. Figure 3: Building with precast concrete slab

27. Building with precast concrete slab is also known as hybrid construction as it integrates precast concrete slabs and frames system. • Consist a combination of frames with precast concrete hollow core slab or precast planks. • Become so popular by the builders because the benefit of speed and high quality of precast concrete slabs are combined with the benefit of economy, flexibility, monolithic property and structural stability of framing system either with cast in situ concrete or steel framing systems, which eventually gives a practical and efficient buildings.

28. Steel Formwork System • This system categorized as an IBS because the process of construction is carried out using a systematic and mechanized method that is by using reusable steel formwork panels. • Allows the rapid on-site placement of cast in situ concrete to form beams, columns, slabs and walls. • Preferred for the construction of walls instead of column and beam due to many repetitive of similar wall components in wall frame buildings.

29. Figure 4: Steel Formwork System

31. Steel Formwork System • Steel formwork components are normally available in standard panel sizes and stiffened using built in stiffeners or tie rods to resist lateral concrete pressure during concreting. • It offers faster speed of erection, comparatively lower cost and simplicity in equipment. It also provides good accuracy and smooth internal finishing that eliminate the need of plastering. Example of steel formwork system is as shown in Figure 5.

32. Figure 5: Steel Formwork System

33. Steel-framed building and Roof Trusses • Steel is a strong and stiff material that suitable for the construction and of reparative frame building with architectural detailing with high flexibility in providing long-spanning structure. • Normally used in for multi story frames for tall and slander building and also for roof construction. • Advantages of using steel frame system as shown in Figure 6 are such as high constructability and simplicity of construction as well as greater construction speed. Just recently, steel roof trusses showed their capability in housing industries whereby the cost became competitive as compared to timber roof trusses.

34. Figure 6: Steel-framed building and Roof Trusses

36. Prefabricated Timber Framing System • In the early 1970s, single storey low cost terrace houses were mostly built out of plain wooden framing and plank which sitting on those three feet high plastered brickwork and taking advantages of the simple raft foundation due to the light weight super structure. • Figure 7 shows the houses construction for the low cost development at rural area or remote town. • Today this type of construction has been classified as one of IBS.

37. Figure 7: Prefabricated Timber Framing System

38. Prefabricated Timber Framing System • Normally used in the conventional roof truss and timber frames. The timber is prefabricated by joining the members of the truss by using steel plate. It is important that all members are treated with the anti pest chemical. Then, the installation is done on site by connecting the prefabricated roof truss to the reinforcement of the roof beams. • However the usage of timber for IBS seems unrealistic in this era. In fact, the perspective towards such implementation becomes worse when the cost of timber rose recently. The main reason for choosing timber is just because of its flexibility, conventional and economical reasons.

40. Block Work System • Depends on modular dimension at the design stage, which identical to Lego blocks to some extent. Furthermore, it applies load bearing walls (as shown in Figure 8) by incorporating the columns and the beams as integral part of the walls for all house types. • The elements of block work system include interlocking concrete masonry units and lightweight concrete blocks. • The elements are fabricated and cured in the factory.

41. L P t

42. Block Work System • The elements are normally used as bricks in structures and interlocking concrete block pavement. • Depends on the design, the amount that can be saved on a wall can range from between 10 percent to 30 percent with financial advantages such as up to 30 percent saving in wall construction, faster in project completion, no beam and column, less foundation cost.

43. Figure 8: Block Work System

44. CO1: ABILITY TO DISCUSS THE CONCEPT OF IBS MODERN CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY.

45. THANK YOU