Fiber Optic Sensors, Fiber Optical Temperature Sensor - Rugged Monitoring

1. Fiber Optic Temperature Measurement Technology OPERATING PRINCIPLE 100% Based on a well known and reproducible phenomenon § The band-gap variation in the absorption spectrum of the o semiconductor GaAs (Gallium Arsenide) with respect to temperature GaAs can also be looked at as a variable optical filter (low pass) § Wavelengths towards visible are blocked o Wavelengths towards infrared are transmitted o A Direct Contact temperature sensor § 0% GaAs material properties will never change with time, ever ! § ï ï Visible Infrared ð ð No DRIFT… o No RECALIBRATION… o 1

2. Fiber Optic Temperature Measurement Technology SYSTEM DESIGN FIBER OPTIC TEMPERATURE SYSTEM The System consists of § Light source § While Light Source Optical coupler § Rugged Spectrometer § GaAs Sensor Electronics for Data Processing, Storage & Visualization § Fiber Optic Probe Optical Coupler An optical fiber delivers white light to the semiconductor § GaAs sensor glued at the Probe Tip Spectrometer Some of the light is absorbed – Depending on the § Dielectric Mirror Coating temperature of the GaAs Crystal at the Probe Tip Fiber Cladding The light is reflected by a dielectric mirror and returns § Injected Light through the same fiber for analysis by the on-board Spectrometer Reflected Light Highly reliable monitors suited to automotive § GaAs Crystal (Sensor) Fiber Core environments 2

3. Fiber Optic Sensors: Immunity to Environments High voltage: Radiation: Nuclear Greater than 1200kV Radio Frequency (100 kHz up to 10 MHz) Magnetic Field: Greater than 25 Tesla Chemicals: Vibration: 10g+ Force All pH levels (0 – 14) Microwave Bio Safe: Sterile Environments (300MHz to 300GHz) § No Need for Isolation: Highly dielectric strength § Avoid complex compensation and Calibration: Immune to Noise § Ultra Fast Response: Accurate Thermal Profiling § Smaller Size and Intrinsically Safe: Easy to use and handle Sensors § Explosion Proof: Suitable for Explosive Environments 3

4. Benefits of Fiber Optic Sensors over Traditional Sensors Electric vehicles are going to 1000V+, 700A+ for cars and 2400V+, 1000A+ for trucks § Traditional thermocouples are too slow and significant limitation above 200V § Thermocouple output is in millivolts and gets affected by Electric and Magnetic fields § Safety Risk from Thermocouples: Risk of short circuit at higher voltages, Corrosion etc. § Thermocouples are Non-Linear: Sensors are non-linear, require complex compensation § Thermocouples are large: not suitable to fit into tiny spaces on PCBs, Power Electronics, Charging Points § Slower Response: Thermocouples are not fast enough for accurate thermal profiling § Variation from Batch to Batch: Impact accuracy and repeatability of testing § Susceptible to High Voltage and Magnetic Fields § Thermocouples are not suitable for Explosive Environments § Thermocouples are not suitable with longer signal cables § 4

5. Fiber Optic Temperature Sensors: applications Transformer Winding Hot Spot Monitoring § Microwave Heating § Switchgear Temperature Monitoring § Microwave Digestion § Motor Winding Temperature Monitoring § Microwave Ablation § Cable Termination Temperature § RF / Microwave Drying § RF / Microwave Energy/ Utilities Food Packaging § Soil decontamination § EV Motors § Application for Fiber Optic Temperature Sensors EV Battery Cells § EV Battery Module § Glass Manufacturing § EV Battery Pack § Process and Control § E-Mobility Power Electronics § Industrial Mining Applications § Charging Equipment § MRI Machines / Coils § Cryogenic Research § Sensor for Catheters § Pharmaceutical Research § CT scan, PAT scan § Research Lab Medical Consumer Product Research § Clinical Trails § Environmental Research § Cancer Treatment § 5