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Term Paper

Term Paper. Paul F. Briggs ME301 Introduction to CAE. Objective. Prepare a short research project discussing a method of computer aided engineering not covered in class.

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Term Paper

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  1. Term Paper Paul F. Briggs ME301 Introduction to CAE

  2. Objective • Prepare a short research project discussing a method of computer aided engineering not covered in class. • Based on the Course Outcome listing for this class, I can assume that Computational Fluid Dynamics, CFD is not covered in class. As such this will be my topic.

  3. Computational Fluid Dynamics • What is it? • CFD is a branch of Fluid Mechanics that uses numerical methods to analyze and solve problems that involve fluids and gases. • Read this generally as computer software that was developed to help analyze fluid and gas flow problems. • Software results are still approximate based on computer limitations.

  4. History of CFD • Basics – Mathematically • Daniel Bernoulli (1700-1782) • Bernoulli's Equation • Leonhard Euler (1707-1783) • Euler's Equations • Claude Louis Marie Henry Navier (1785-1836) • George Gabriel Stokes (1819-1903) • Navier-Stokes equation

  5. History of CFD • Los Alamos Labs (NASA) 1960's • Particle-In-Cell (PIC), Marker-and-Cell (MAC), Vorticity-Stream function methods, Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) methods, and the ubiquitous k - e turbulence model. • Imperial College, London 1980's • Suhas V. Patankar published " Numerical Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow"

  6. History of CFD • Boeing – 30 years of development 1960's – 1990's • started as series of testing in wind tunnels • Linear Potential Flow – Late 1960's • matching models to calculations • In 1973 had between 100-200 computers to analyze data • Full Potential/Coupled Boundary Layer • started in mid 1970's • FLO27/28 code – Coupled with A488 code for FEA's to develop boundary layer calculations. • Tranair • developed in 1983 – for complex configurations. • included surface generation tools and non-linear capabilities. • BLWF • developed in 1994 – basically the A488 code upgraded for high speed workstations. • Further Development continues at Boeing

  7. Computational Fluid Dynamics • How does it work? • The first stage in analysis is mesh generation, just like in standard FEA applications. • Then variables are entered and calculations are performed based on the Navier-Stokes equations, a series of differential equations are used. • Then post processing software is used to visualize, same as in standard FEA applications.

  8. Ansys Has multi physics and classical CFD software solutions. Multiphase Flows Reacting Flows Moving and deforming objects Turbulence Radiation Acoustics Current Commercial Software

  9. Current Commercial Software • Algor • Has multi physics and classical CFD software solutions. • Steady-state and transient heat transfer • steady and unsteady fluid flow • Flow through porous media • Multiple, independent fluids • Buoyancy • Forced convection

  10. Current Commercial Software • Flow 3D • Has multi physics and classical CFD software solutions. • Multiphase Flows • Reacting Flows • Transient Flows • Inviscid, Viscous flows • Two phase flows • Collision • Free surface modeling • Metal Casting • Porous Media Flow • Discrete Particle Flow

  11. Current Commercial Software • Many other commercial software packages are available. • there are also many packages that are designed for a specific problem set to me analyzed • there are also many companies that offer the analysis services for a fee to avoid the cost of the software and training curve.

  12. Example of Use http://www.dfrc.nasa.gov/Gallery/Photo/X-43A/HTML/ED97-43968-1.html

  13. Hypersonic air flow • Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Image of Hyper-X Research Vehicle at Mach 7 with Engine Operating • This image shows the Hyper-X vehicle at a Mach 7 test condition with the engine operating. The solution includes both internal and external air flow, including vehicle aerodynamics. The image illustrates surface heat transfer on the vehicle surface. The last contour illustrates the engine exhaust plume shape. This solution approach is one method of predicting the vehicle performance, and the best method for determination of vehicle structural, pressure and thermal design loads.

  14. Cooling of Electronics • Thermal effects • http://www.fluent.com/solutions/aerospace/pdfs/ja173.pdf

  15. Shrinkage of Casting • Lost form casting • http://www.flow3d.com/apps/cast/app_cast_foam_2.html

  16. Fluid Slosh • Flow 3D model • Effects of sloshing dynamics on fuel acquisition in satellites at zero gravity. • http://www.flow3d.com/apps/aero/app_aero_slosh.html

  17. Elastic Stress • Purely elastic ball • http://www.flow3d.com/apps/cons/app_cons_elas.html

  18. Capillary Flow • Capillary flows in MEMS devices • http://www.flow3d.com/apps/micro/app_micro_cap.html

  19. Toilet Flush • Weir-type flow • http://www.flow3d.com/apps/cons/app_cons_flush.html

  20. Ink Jet Printer • Inkjet Design • http://www.flow3d.com/apps/ink/app_ink_main.html

  21. Future Directions • Alloy segregation in pressure casting • Particle flow in air • Cough analysis etc..

  22. References • http://www.fluent.com/about/cfdhistory.htm • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational_fluid_dynamics • http://www.ansys.com/solutions/fluid-dynamics.asp • http://www.dfrc.nasa.gov/Gallery/Photo/X-43A/HTML/ED97-43968-1.html • http://aero-comlab.stanford.edu/aa200b/handouts/aiaa-2003-3439.pdf

  23. References • http://www.flow3d.com/ • See pages in applications section for source of pictures and data

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