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VERBS

VERBS. -- word that expresses action or a state of being and is necessary to make a statement. The bicyclist grinned . A spectator cheered loudly. The right gear is important. The riders seem enthusiastic.

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VERBS

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  1. VERBS -- word that expresses action or a state of being and is necessary to make a statement

  2. The bicyclist grinned. • A spectator cheered loudly. • The right gear is important. • The riders seem enthusiastic. *** The primary characteristic of a verb is its ability to express time – present, past, and future. Verbs express time by means of TENSE forms. • Girls (most add –s) • irregular plural) • Fish (some don’t change) Examples Plural Nouns

  3. Examples • Present Tense -- They watch the race together. • Past Tense -- They watched the race together. • Future Tense -- They will watch the race together.

  4. Action Verbs • EXAMPLES • Physical Ted waved the signal flag. • Mental He hoped for success. -- tells what someone or something does -- some express physical action; others express mental action

  5. Transitive verb -- followed by a direct object – that is, a word or words that answer the question what? or whom? Example: The batter swung the bat confidently. (the action verb swung is followed by the noun bat, which answers the question swung what?

  6. Intransitive verb • Is not followed by a direct object • EXAMPLE The batter swung wildly. (The verb is followed by a word that tells how.)

  7. Transitive / intransitive verbs • EXAMPLES CONCRETE air, melody, stone, aroma, heat ABSTRACT attitude, dignity, loyalty, sadness • To decide whether a verb in a sentence is transitive or intransitive, ask what? or whom? after the verb. If the answer is given in the sentence, the verb is transitive. If the answer is NOT given in the sentence, the verb is intransitive.

  8. PRACTICE TRANSITIVE & INTRANSITIVE VERBSWrite the sentence. Circle each verb. Identify it by writing transitive or intransitive. If it is transitive, write the word or words that answer the questions what? or whom? Robert “Tree” Cody, a member of the Dakota Sioux, speaks on Native American history throughout the United States. A six-year-old boy in New Haven once saved a three-year-old child. Hilda hid Jonny’s gift until his birthday. The DixwellDragons win the basketball tournament almost every year. Zambia’s flag features three stripes: the red stripe symbolizesfreedom, the black strip represents the people, and the orange stripe signifies its mineral wealth.

  9. Continued…. 6. The senatorspoke to the press from the platform of a caboose. 7. The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum opened in Washington, D.C., in 1993. 8. The Christmas in April program recruits volunteers who repair homes for low-income, elderly, and develop-mentally challenged people. 9. Maria recognized her little brother by his Halloween costume. 10. The town of Mystic, Connecticut, preserves for citizens and visitors alike its colorful two-hundred-year-old history.

  10. Answers 1. speaks – intransitive 9. recognized – transitive: 2. saved – transitive: child brother 3. hid – transitive: gift 10. preserves – transitive: 4. win – transitive: tournament history 5. features - transitive: stripes symbolizes – transitive: freedom represents – transitive: people signifies – transitive: wealth 6. spoke – intransitive 7. opened – intransitive 8. recruits – transitive : volunteers repair – transitive: homes • Common is the general – not the particular – name of a person, place, thing, or idea. • Proper is the name of a particular person, place, thing, or idea. A proper noun is capitalized.

  11. Linking verbs -- links, or joins, the subject of a sentence (often a noun or pronoun) with a noun, a pronoun, or an adjective that identifies or describes the subject. -- does not show action!

  12. Answers Examples The person behind the mask was you. The players are ready. Archery is an outdoor sport. They were sports fans. Be in all its forms – am, is, are, was, were – is the most commonly used linking verb.

  13. Several other verbs besides be can act as linking verbs as well. OTHER LINKING VERBS look remain seembecome stay growappear sound taste smell feel turn Examples This salad tastes good. The sun feels warm on my shoulders. You look comfortable. The leaves turned brown.

  14. Verb phrases AUXILIARY VERBS Forms of BE am, is, are, was, were, being, been Forms of HAVE has, have, had, having Other Auxiliaries can, could may, might must do, does, did shall, should will, would • The verb in a sentence may consist of more than one word. The words that accompany the main verb are called auxiliary, or helping verbs.

  15. The most common The most common auxiliary verbs are forms of be and have. They help the main verb express time by forming the various tenses. Examples We will weed the vegetable garden this morning. Sandra has already weeded the peppers and tomatoes. We were weeding the flower beds when the rain started. The other auxiliary verbs are not used primarily to express time. They are often used to emphasize meaning. Examples I should be leaving. Could he have forgotten? Marisa may already be finished.

  16. PRACTICE Write the sentence. Underline each verb and verb phrase. Identify it by writing transitive, intransitive, or linking. • The crowd grew quiet. The president stepped up to the podium. • Yes, sir, Juan has been here all morning. • Ginger, I will leave your lunch in the refrigerator. • Anderson fell in gym class last period. • Maggie may have forgotten her keys this morning. • What are you cooking, Ron? • The light show is spectacular. • The ugly duckling became a beautiful swan. • Which of you have been absent from school this week? • The Appalachian Trail stretches from Maine to Georgia.

  17. answers 1. grew: linking stepped: intransitive 2. has been: linking 3. will leave: transitive 4. fell: intransitive 5. may have forgotten: transitive 6. are cooking: transitive 7. is: linking 8. became: linking 9. have been: linking 10. stretches: intransitive

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