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Co-financed by the European Fund for the Integration of Third-Country Nationals. Access to citizenship & its impact on immigrant integration (ACIT) Citizenship acquisition and employment of male migrants in Europe. Question.
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Co-financed by the European Fund for the Integration of Third-Country Nationals Access to citizenship & its impact on immigrant integration (ACIT) Citizenship acquisition and employment of male migrants in Europe
Question • What is the relation between citizenship acquisition and paid employment of male migrants? • Coming soon: analyses with female migrants and ocupational status
Population • First generation male migrants, aged between 20 and 65, in EU countries & CH & NO, but not Finland. N=24,391 • European Labour Force Survey 2008. • Standard controls: individual & destination characteristics. • New 1: Origin region • New 2: Reasons for migration
Positive relation citizenship and employment, but only in DE, ES, FR & SE.
In all destination countries positive relation citizenship and employment, after control for individual, origin and destination characteristics, only not in LU.
Positive relation between citizenship and employment is weaker for migrants with lower educational attainment, controlled for other characteristics.
Relation between citizenship and employment differs for origin, controlled for other characteristics.
Negative relation between citizenship and employment for migrants with a secured job before migration, controlled for all characteristics. Positive relation for migrants with study, asylum & family reasons
Relation between citizenship and employment is stronger for migrants in destination countries with less restrictions to citizenship (MIPEX)
Conclusions I Positive relation citizenship and employment, but not for: • Low educated migrants • Migrants with employment before migrating. • EU, EFTA & North-American migrants. • Migrants in destination countries with low access to citizenship.
Positive relation between citizenship and employment is stronger for migrants who have acquired destination citizenship faster
Conclusion II • Speed of acquisition of citizenship positive related with employment • Strongest for migrants from EU, EFTA & North America
Concluding remarks • Unmeasured common background citizenship acquisition & employment. • Men & women have different results. • Employment ≠ Occupational status.