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Behavioral Neuroscience PSY 525

Behavioral Neuroscience PSY 525. Lesson 1. Neuroscience. Scientific study of the nervous system Development Organization Function  behavior Goals are to understand… Normal NS structure & function Development, maturation & maintenance

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Behavioral Neuroscience PSY 525

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  1. BehavioralNeurosciencePSY 525 Lesson 1

  2. Neuroscience • Scientific study of the nervous system • Development • Organization • Function  behavior • Goals are to understand… • Normal NS structure & function • Development, maturation & maintenance • Prevention/cure of neurological & psychological disorders ~

  3. Neuroscience is Interdisciplinary @ University of Iowa Psychology role of sleep in the development of the nervous system Neurobiology of learning and memory Neurobiology of stress Anatomy, Cell Biology microcircuitry of brain systems involved in emotion Physical Therapy, Exercise Science Control of posture and movement Somatosensory system; neuropharmacology of pain Communication Sciences & Disorders Memory, communication and social interaction Philosophy Theoretical issues in neuroscience and philosophy of mind Biological Sciences Ion channels, activity-dependent neural plasticity, and learning behavior in Drosophila Pharmacology Protein phosphatase 2A in neuronal signal transduction AND….more! • Speech Pathology & Audiology • Physiology of electrical stimulation of the auditory nerve • Internal Medicine, Cardiology • Molecular mechanisms of cardiac sensation • Neural regulation of the circulation • Physiology, Biophysics • Mechanisms contributing to glaucomatous neurodegeneration • Neuronal control of gene expression • Psychiatry • Brain imaging in the major psychoses • Behavioral genetics • Pediatrics, Neurology • Neurological Birth Defects • The genetics of neural tube defects & human epilepsy. • Anesthesia, Pharmacology • Understanding persistent pain mechanisms • Psychology and Marketing • Decision Neuroscience

  4. The Mind/Brain Problem • DUALISM • mind & brain fundamentally different • mind (soul?) is extra corporeal • Rene Descartes • interactionism • pineal gland ~

  5. The Mind/Brain Problem • MONISM • operations of brain  mental events • Fundamental problem • How can a physical system produce mental states? ~

  6. The Mind/Brain Problem: Dualism • Sir John Eccles • Nobel Prize (1963) • Neuroscientist • supplemental motor area • Fundamental problem... • How do physical and nonphysical systems interact? ~

  7. The Mind/Brain Problem • Consciousness • unique property of brains? • Or could it exist in other entities? • Livers? • Computers? ~

  8. Studying Functional Organization • Controlled manipulation of nervous system • Human and nonhuman animals • Levels of behavior • Individual • Systems • Tissue • Molecules/ions • Generalization vs. reductionism ~

  9. Regulation of Behavior • Behavior: function of specialized cells • sensory • transduction • neurons • info processing • effectors • muscles • glands ~

  10. - + + + + + A model of behavior • feedback • Positive - excitatory (+) • Negative - inhibitory (-) ~

  11. SYSTEM ACTIVITY Maximum - normal range + Minimum REGULATION + +

  12. Neurons & Behavior • Neural activity  behavior • Alter neural communication • Within & between • Alter behavior • including... consciousness, emotions, perceptions • Behavioral Neuroscience • Neural mechanisms controlling behavior ~

  13. Relationship Between Brain & Behavior • Descartes • Mechanical statues • Reflexes • Luigi Galvani • electrically stimulated frog leg ~

  14. Relationship Between Brain & Behavior • Golgi & Ramon y Cajal • Synctium vs. Neuron Doctrine • Aggregate field view • brain acts a single unit • Cellular connectionism • individual neurons organized in functional groups ~

  15. Relationship Between Brain & Behavior • Francis Gall • phrenology • localized functions • Pierre Flourens • brain ablation • studied effects on behavior • aggregate field view • Karl Lashley • Early-mid 1900s • Search for engram ~

  16. Relationship Between Brain & Behavior • Broca’s Aphasia • Left frontal lobe damage • Fluency deficits • Wernicke’s Aphasia • left temporal lobe damage • impaired comprehension • Distributed processing • Clinical neuropsychology ~

  17. Relationship Between Brain & Behavior • Fritsch & Hitzig • Electrical stim.  muscle contracts • Hermann von Helmholtz • speed of conduction of nerve impulse • Otto Loewi • Chemical transmitters at synapse ~

  18. IF THE HUMAN BRAIN WERE SO SIMPLE THAT WE COULD UNDERSTAND IT, WE WOULD BE SO SIMPLE THAT WE COULDN’T. Emerson N. Pugh

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