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Decision-Making

Decision-Making. HRT 382. Thank You!. Thomas R. Harvey, William L. Bearley, and Sharon M. Corkrum, authors of The Practical Decision Maker: a Handbook for Decision Making and Problem Solving in Organizations Thomas R. Harvey, presenter on Decision Making (ULV, Fall 2001)

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Decision-Making

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  1. Decision-Making HRT 382

  2. Thank You! • Thomas R. Harvey, William L. Bearley, and Sharon M. Corkrum, authors of The Practical Decision Maker: a Handbook for Decision Making and Problem Solving in Organizations • Thomas R. Harvey, presenter on Decision Making (ULV, Fall 2001) • Michael Doyle and David Straus, authors of How to Make Meetings Work • Stephen R. Covey, author of The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People • Ken Blanchard and Steve Gottry, authors of The On-Time, On-Target Manager

  3. SITNA • “Situation That Needs Attention” • Phrase and term coined by John Jones • Reframing a problem as a SITNA helps remove the negative connotation we place on ‘problems’ • Complaint • Challenge • Improvement Need • Opportunity • Performance Gap

  4. What ever the term… Problem Solving is one type of Decision Making

  5. Blanchard and Gottry point out… • We have four categories of daily activities we face • Things we want to do and have to do • Things we have to do but don’t want to do • Things we want to do but don’t have to do • Things we don’t want to do and don’t have to do

  6. YES Want to do and have to do Have to do but don’t want to do MAYBE Want to do but don’t have to do NO Don’t want to do and don’t have to do Prioritizing Activities

  7. Personal Decision Making • Time Management vs. Life Management • Time management is a decision making process • Effective personal decision making requires effective time management • However, efficient scheduling and control of time can be counterproductive • Covey’s phrase is: “Organize and execute around priorities”

  8. Personal Decision Making • An “efficiency focus” may limit the: • Development of rich relationships • Our ability to enjoy the moment • If we organize and execute around priorities, the focus is: • Preserving and enhancing relationships • Accomplishing results • Life management is decision making • Life management is managing ourselves

  9. Time Management Matrix • Importance of personal vision or mission and personal goals • Covey’s time management matrix helps to understand how to manage ourselves and our lives • His concepts are: Urgent & Important • Urgent means “Now!” • Important relates to results • Goal is to be a “Quadrant II” person

  10. Time Management Matrix

  11. Moving from Individual to Team • Teams are composed of individuals • Some individuals are hardy • Resilient • See problems as challenges and opportunities • Some individuals demonstrate self-efficacy • Who are you? • On a fully-functioning team, most, if not all, individuals demonstrate these traits

  12. A Fully Functioning Team will… • Work together successfully • Solve problems and reach decisions in a way that incorporates individual input • May reach decisions through consensus • Adapt to change • Achieve or exceed desired results

  13. Teams & Decision Making • A team has a purpose • A vision of where it is heading • A picture of the desired results • The question is, “Which path do we take?” • Decision making is the art of choosing and implementing a solution to a identifiable SITNA • Without vision and without decision making, there is no need for leadership (Thomas Harvey)

  14. Writing Time! • Please print you name and “lunch” or “dinner” at the top of an 3x5 card • Think about a decision you recently reached while part of a team • Draw a diagram or list the steps showing the process and briefly explain each step • I will ask a few of you to share your decision-making steps

  15. Types of Decisions • Command • Urgent / Important • Convenience • Not Important / Not Urgent • Consultation • Not Urgent or Urgent / Important • Consensus • Not Urgent / Important

  16. Team Consensus • With both Consultation and Consensus, let people know up front what their thoughts will be used for • Not Urgent / Important • Keys for Consensus: • Everyone understands the issue • Everyone expresses an opinion • Everyone can live with the decision

  17. Practical Decision-Making • For Consensus Decision Making • Six Steps • Mind-set • Problem definition • Solution criteria • Possible solutions • Solution choice • Implement

  18. Step 1: Mind-Set • Talk, don’t solve – create a safe environment • SITNA – Thinking and discussing the problem • What resources will be needed? • Organizational context (circumstances and setting) • Vision, values, organizational direction, toxicity • How will it affect the organization? • People context • How do people feel and what positions are evident? • Is the problem political? • Decision making context • What type of decision making is needed? • The “givens” – resources, legal, and other parameters

  19. Step 2: Problem Definition • If the problem is clear, this step is short • New venture • A choice (non-reactive); new vision and goals • Short fall • Existing Condition < GAP > Desired Condition • Why? & Causes? • Improvement • Existing Condition < GAP > New Expectations • New processes needed • Opportunity • Why is it an opportunity?

  20. Step 3: Solution Criteria • Criterion examples • 100% consensus • It will not cost more than $XXX • Needs Must have to reach a decision (Must) • Wants It would help to have these (Should) • Nice, too! A perk, but not required (Bonus) • This step is critical to help remove emotion and politics • It also helps focus possible solutions

  21. Step 4: Possible Solutions • Generate ideas • If natural solutions are 3 (A, B, C), then generate 2½ times as many (at least 8 in this example) • Some may be silly, but beyond silly is genius! (Harvey) • Clarify • In the first step, get the ideas out; then clarify • Combine • Some ideas may be combined to enhance the option • Document • Generate a list of possible solutions in their final form

  22. Step 5: Solution Choice • Compare all possible solutions with the Solution Criteria generated in Step 3 • What is the best solution? • It is the one that satisfies all needs, the most wants, and it may have some “nice, too’s” • Has the least negative consequences • Reach consensus with the team

  23. Step 6: Implement • Action plan • Do it • Inspect

  24. Structuring Team Meetings • Get the Doyle & Straus book! • Have norms • Have a proper agenda • Have assigned responsibilities: • Facilitator, Recorder, Timekeeper, Process Observer, and maybe a Facilities/Materials Person and a Snack Provider • Rotate responsibilities - Why? • Report using a “Group Memo” rather than minutes • Use formal “structuring devices”

  25. Use of Structuring Devices • Techniques to help individuals • Understand the issue • Offer their thoughts and opinions • Reduce emotion, stress, and politics • Stay on track, on time, and move toward decision • Techniques for ordering how people decide things • They structure behavior • Each step in the decision making model has a menu of structuring devices from which to choose

  26. “We don’t have enough time to do it right, but we always have time to do it over.”- Author Unknown

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