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The Russian Revolution

The Russian Revolution. The story of Russia to USSR Readings: Spodek, pp. 658-661. Nicholas I (1825-1855). Hated Industrial Revolution and French Revolution Wanted to make world safe for autocracy Fought against progress in Russia and Europe. Alexander II (1855-1881) .

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The Russian Revolution

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  1. The Russian Revolution The story of Russia to USSR Readings: Spodek, pp. 658-661

  2. Nicholas I (1825-1855) • Hated Industrial Revolution and French Revolution • Wanted to make world safe for autocracy • Fought against progress in Russia and Europe

  3. Alexander II (1855-1881) • Son of Nicholas I. • He came to the throne during the Crimean War • Emancipated the serfs in 1861

  4. Alexander III (1881-1894) • Increased the repressive powers of the police • Limited the power of the local assemblies • Pograms against anyone who was not Russian

  5. Nicholas II (1894-1917)

  6. Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905) • Imperialistic Conflict over Korea and Manchuria • Russia trying to ward off rebellion

  7. Bloody Sunday-January 22, 1905 • Began in St Petersburg • Disaster of Russo-Japanese War revealed corruption and incompetence of czar • Created Duma, limited economic reform

  8. World War I/ Rasputin • Had control over the Tsar Nicholas II and the Tsarina • Was murdered in December 1916 • World War I was a disaster.

  9. The Revolutions of 1917 • February Revolution (March 8, 1917) • Czar Nicholas Abdicates

  10. How Do Bolsheviks Get Power? • Lenin arrives in Petrograd (St. Petersburg)—April 16. 1917 • Lenin calls for armed insurrection —Oct. 16, 1917 (Russian Calendar) • October Revolution begins, October 24, 1917 (Russian Calendar), November 6, 1917 (Western European Calendar) • Lenin, Trotsky and Stalin

  11. Treaty of Brest Litovsk—March 3, 1918 • Lost 32% of the land • Lost Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania • Much of the Ukraine • Much of Belarussia

  12. From 1918-1921 Reds Whites Creation of USSR Nationalization of all land and banks New Economic Plan Lenin dies of a stroke Civil War and Lenin’s Rule

  13. Power Struggle after Lenin’s Death and Stalin’s Rule • Forced collectivization • “The Great Famine” • “The Great Terror” • Purges • Gulag

  14. Contemporary Problems • Cold War with US from 1945-1991 • Mikhail Gorbachev’s Glasnost allowed Democracy to Emerge • Perestroika—socialism not possible in capitalist world • Resigns December 25, 1991 • End of Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War

  15. Boris Yeltsin • Problems: • Economy was a mess • Workers not paid • National Debt • IMF and World Bank Money to Cronies • Politics a Mess

  16. Today in Russia and the Former Soviet Union • A weak Boris Yeltsin names Vladimir Putin, former KGB agent, Premier then President • Communists Still Have Some Power: Many want stability of Old System back

  17. Today’s Russia (continued) • Ethnic groups want autonomy or Independence • Putin has destroyed Chechnya • Reports of rapes and pillage • Nationalists want powerful Soviet Union • Questions still needing answers

  18. Winners Communist Party Some Workers Massive Literacy Project—all those who learn to read and write Vastly improved health care—all those who lived longer and healthier Women Losers Poorest peasants Traditional Russian upper classes Many of those in traditional Russian middle classes Those killed or imprisoned because of oppressive regime Jews, Muslims, other ethnic minorities Winners and Losers

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