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World History: The Earth and its Peoples

World History: The Earth and its Peoples. Chapter 28 The Crisis Of The Imperial Order, 1900-1929. Objectives. Understand how the First World War led to revolution in Russia and the disintegration of several once powerful empires.

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World History: The Earth and its Peoples

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  1. World History:The Earth and its Peoples Chapter 28 The Crisis Of The Imperial Order, 1900-1929

  2. Objectives • Understand how the First World War led to revolution in Russia and the disintegration of several once powerful empires. • Be able to describe the role the war played in eroding European dominance in the world. • Understand why China and Japan followed such divergent paths during this period. • Describe how European and North American society and technology changed in the aftermath of the war.

  3. Origins of European Crisis WW I Cause !? • Archduke Franz Ferdinand • Gavrilo Princip • June 28, 1914 Underlying Instabilities • German power • challenge to Britain and France • Ottoman decline • “sick man of Europe” • ‘unstable borderlands’ • nationalism • Austria-Hungary • Balkan wars • Russian ‘Slavic’ influence • alliances • balance of power

  4. World War I Alliances

  5. Origins of European Crisis Nationalism • uniting force • inspiration; cohesion • Ex: France, Germany • dividing force • multi-ethnic empires • Ex: Austro-Hungary, Ottoman • revenge for past injustices • 18th century wars short • few casualties Alliances • Triple Alliance - 1882 • Germany, Austro-Hungary, Italy • Entente - 1904-07 • Britain, France, Russia

  6. German Schlieffen Plan

  7. The ‘Great’ War: 1914-1918 Expectations • short war w/ few casualties • Victory: fastest and boldest • early German victories Reality • Russian 2nd front • Western Front • 300 mile long ‘stalemate’ • military technology • machine guns • poison gas • trench warfare • Goal: war of attrition Result • mass slaughter

  8. War On The ‘Homefront’ Rationing • control of resources Women • ‘duration’ opportunities • greater independence Civilian Hardships • German rationing • 1000 calories • African colonies • higher taxes and output • soldiers for war effort United States • neutrality • spectacular war profits

  9. The Middle East Ottoman Empire • secret German alliance • Russian land aim • Dardanelles closing • Gallipoli - 1915 • Arab uprising - Faisal (1916) • Jewish question • Theodore Herzl • Zionism • Palestine • strengthen allied cause • Balfour Declaration • Jewish homeland in Palestine • Iran and Iraq • Indian ‘irony’

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