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UNITED STATES HOME FRONT

UNITED STATES HOME FRONT. GOVERNMENT AGENCIES AMERICAN ECONOMY BOOMS CIVILIAN CONTRIBUTION TO THE WAR EFFORT WOMEN AND MINORITIES INTERNMENT CAMPS. GOVERNMENT AGENCIES. ORSD – Office of Research and Scientific Development. NWLB – National War Labor Board. Limited wage increases

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UNITED STATES HOME FRONT

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  1. UNITED STATES HOME FRONT • GOVERNMENT AGENCIES • AMERICAN ECONOMY BOOMS • CIVILIAN CONTRIBUTION TO THE WAR EFFORT • WOMEN AND MINORITIES • INTERNMENT CAMPS

  2. GOVERNMENT AGENCIES ORSD – Office of Research and Scientific Development NWLB – National War Labor Board Limited wage increases Solved labor disputes between management and employees Forbid workers to change unions • Role – to mobilize scientists into the war effort • Miracle Drugs – “penicillin created” • National Committee of Uranium – created the “Manhattan Project”

  3. THE DECISION TO DROP THE A-BOMB • IWO JIMA, OKINAWA, AND THE KAMIKAZES • FIREBOMBING OF JAPAN • PROPOSED OPERATION DOWNFALL • HIROSHIMA AND NAGASAKI

  4. IWO JIMA OKINAWA MAP SHOWING INVASIONS OF IWO JIMA AND OKINAWA

  5. THE JAPANESE ISLAND FORTRESS OF IWO JIMA WAS INVADED IN FEBRUARY OF 1945 • IT WAS INVADED BECAUSE: • IT COULD BE USED TO SUPPORT B-29 BOMBER RAIDS ON JAPAN BY PROVIDING BASES FOR FIGHTER PLANES TO PROTECT THE BOMBERS AND AN EMERGENCY LANDING STRIP • TO KNOCK OUT 3 AIRFIELDS THAT WERE BEING USED FOR KAMIKAZE ATTACKS ON US SHIPS LANDING BEACH ON IWO JIMA

  6. Photos of the vicious fighting on Iwo Jima.

  7. FAMOUS PHOTOGRAPH OF THE FLAG RAISING ON MOUNT SURIBACHI ON IWO JIMA TAKEN BY JOE ROSENTHAL IN FEBRUARY OF 1945

  8. THE U.S. SUFFERED TERRIBLE CAUSALITIES ON IWO JIMA WHICH THE JAPANESE DEFENDED TO THE DEATH LOSING AN ESTIMATED 20,000 SOLDIERS. TOTAL US LOSSES, MOSTLY MARINES, WERE 6,821 KILLED, 19,217 WOUNDED, AND 2,648 CASES OF COMBAT FATIGUE. WORSE WAS TO COME WHEN THE US INVADED OKINAWA.

  9. STRATEGIC BOMBING CAMPAIGN OVER JAPAN, 1944-1945

  10. OKINAWA ALEUTIAN ISLANDS

  11. US INVASION MAPS OF OKINAWA

  12. THE BATTLES AT OKINAWA AND IWO JIMA TOOK PLACE LATE IN THE WAR WHEN BOTH THE JAPANESE AND AMERICANS WERE WELL SKILLED IN ISLAND WARFARE. BOTH SIDES HAD DEVELOPED LETHAL WEAPONS AND TACTICS WHICH RESULTED IN HIGH CAUSALITIES AND SAVAGE FIGHTING. PICTURE OF ENTRANCE TO CAVE ABOVE

  13. AMERICAN CASUALTIES ON OKINAWA WOULD EXCEED 68,000. OF THE NEARLY 16,000 SERVICEMEN KILLED THE BURDEN FELL TO THE NAVAL FORCES: 8,343DEAD SAILORS, COAST GUARDSMEN AND MARINES, THE HIGHEST TOLL IN NAVAL HISTORY. MUCH OF THE NAVAL LOSS WAS DUE TO THE JAPANESE USE OF KAMIKAZE SUICIDE PLANE ATTACKS.

  14. KAMIKAZE Kamikazes were the suicide attacks the Japanese began late in the war when they realized they could not defeat conventional US forces. While the attacks were made mainly in aircrafts against US ships there were other types of kamikaze vehicles as well. These included small boats, flying human missiles or ohkas, human torpedoes and even the great battleship Yamato.

  15. PICTURES OF KAMIKAZES, AND US SHIPS HIT BY SUICIDE PLANES

  16. US SHIPS HIT BY KAMIKAZES

  17. KAMIKAZE TRYING TO CRASH INTO A US WARSHIP

  18. THE HORRENDOUS LOSSES THE US SUFFERED AT IWO JIMA AND OKINAWA COMBINED WITH THE DEVASTATING KAMIKAZE ATTACKS WOULD ONLY BE A PRELUDE TO THE SLAUGHTER THAT WOULD HAPPEN WHEN THE US INVADED THE JAPANESE HOME ISLANDS All combined kamikaze operations combined sunk thirty-four ships, and damaged 288 ships The most damage done by kamikaze’s was at Okinawa where 1465 suicide planes sank 30 ships and damages 130 more US losses at both battles

  19. OPERATION DOWNFALL: PLANNED INVASION OF JAPAN

  20. PRESIDENT FRANKLIN DELANO ROOSEVELT DIED ON APRIL 12 1945

  21. TO SAVE LIVES AND END THE WAR QUICKLY PRESIDENT TRUMAN GAVE THE ORDER TO USE THE ATOMIC BOMB ON JAPAN APRIL 12TH 1945, VICE PRESIDENT HARRY TRUMAN TAKES THE OATH TO BECOME PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES

  22. JULY 16, 1945, TRINITY, FIRST EXPLOSION OF AN ATOMIC BOMB IN THE NEW MEXICO DESERT

  23. MODEL OF “LITTLE BOY” ATOMIC BOMB ENOLA GAY, PLANE THAT DROPPED THE BOMB CREW OF THE ENOLA GAY THE PLANE THAT DROPPED THE FIRST ATOMIC BOMB ON JAPAN

  24. THE FIRST ATOMIC BOMB WAS DROPPED ON THE CITY OF HIROSHIMA AUGUST 6TH, 1945, 70,000 KILLED AND EVEN MORE WOUNDED

  25. A SECOND ATOMIC BOMB WAS DROPPED ON NAGASAKI AND THE JAPANESE SURRENDERED AUGUST 9TH, 40,000 KILLED

  26. FOREIGN MINISTER SHIGEMITSU SIGNS JAPANESE SURRENDER DOCUMENT

  27. V J DAY, AUGUST 14, 1945 WORLD WAR II ENDS

  28. CAPTURED NAZI LEADERS ON TRIAL FOR THEIR CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY

  29. HIDEKI TOJO, FORMER JAPANESE PREMIER AND WAR MINISTER, TAKES THE STAND DURING THE JAPANESE WAR CRIMES TRIALS. HE WAS FOUND GUILTY OF WAR CRIMES AND HANGED.

  30. WW II DEATHS PER COUNTRY

  31. Other titles available in the United States history series: Colonization to Reconstruction: Early U.S. Review Slavery Causes of the Civil War Civil War Reconstruction Westward Movement Immigration and Urbanization America becomes a world power: Imperialism The Progressive Era The U.S. and World War One 1920’s Great Depression and New Deal: 1930’s Causes of World War Two World War Two 1950’s Civil Rights Movement Cold War: Truman to Kennedy Cold War: Johnson to the fall of the Berlin Wall Vietnam Late History Overview: 1970s, 1980s, 1990s World History titles: The Conquest of Mexico New Titles for Fall 2005: Colonial Era Revolutionary Era HMS Historical Media, a division of Multimedia Learning, LLC, has 26 classroom ready historical simulation games available on various topics. Please visit our website for more details: www.multimedialearning.org Please visit our website as we continually publish new titles: www.multimedialearning.org

  32. War Productions Board Office of Price Administration Fought inflation by freezing wages, prices and rents Rationed foods such as – meat, butter, cheese, vegetables, sugar, coffee • Conserved and rationed materials vital to the war effort --- gasoline, heating oil, metals, rubber

  33. FEDERAL SPENDING INCREASE IN BILLIONS OF DOLLARS, 1940-1945

  34. EVERYONE CONTRIBUTED TO THE WAR EFFORT RUMMAGE SALE ADVERTISEMENT FOR WAR BOND DONATING TYPEWRITERS

  35. Agencies Continued WPB – War Productions Board OPA – Office of Price Administration Fought Inflation by freezing wages, prices, and rents Rationed foods such as vegetables, meat, cheese, sugar, coffee • Conserved and rationed materials vital to the war effort gasoline, heating oil and rubber

  36. RATIONING SUGAR LINE GASOLINE LINE

  37. TO LEARN HOW TO USE RATIONING STAMPS, THESE SCHOOL CHILDREN SET UP A BOOTH WITH CHARTS AND PRODUCTS TO FIGURE OUT HOW TO BUY NEEDED GOODS DURING THE WAR

  38. Dept of Treasury • Issued war bonds to raise $$$$$ for he war effort • Revenue Act of 1942 • Raised the top personal income percentage to 90% • Added lower and middle income families to the income tax roll • Smith Connelly Labor Disputes Act • Limited the right to strike in industries crucial to war • Gave the president power to take over business undergoing a strik

  39. The public school children of the South-Central District of Chicago purchased $263,148. 83 in war bonds and stamps...a huge check representing enough money for 125 jeeps, two pursuit planes and motorcycle.

  40. EFFECTS OF WWII ON CERTAIN GROUPS OF AMERICANS • WHITE MEN • White men and black men were both subject to the WWII effort through the Selective Service and Training System then the Draft. (both provided 15 million soldiers or GIs for the war effort) • GI – Government Issue • GI BILL OF RIGHTS

  41. WOMEN PLAYED AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE WAR EFFORT ON THE HOMEFRONT

  42. WOMEN • Army Chief of Staff General George Marshall pushed for the Formation of the WAAC – Women’s Auxiliary Army Corp • Women would not receive the same rank, pay, status and benefits as men & would not fight or make the army a career • 250,000 women served

  43. AFRICAN AMERICANS WERE RECRUITED FIRST BLACK MARINE RECRUIT, WILLIAM BALDWIN AFRICAN AMERICAN MARINES IN DRESS UNIFORM

  44. African American Men • More than 1,000,000 African American Men served the military. They served in segregated units and were mostly subject to non-combat roles. (exception Tuskegee Airmen) • After much protest many black regiments saw combat in the final year of the war. • “here lies a black man, who fought a yellow man, for the protection of a white man”

  45. TUSKEGEE AIRMEN

  46. DESPITE IMPROVED ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES AFRICAN AMERICANS STILL SUFFERED DISCRIMINATION IN HOUSING AND OTHER AREAS. IN DETROIT TENSIONS ERUPTED INTO FULL SCALE RIOTING IN THE SUMMER OF 1943 WHERE 34 PEOPLE LOST THEIR LIVES

  47. Native Americans • Many Native Americans joined the War Effort – they knew that they had limited rights as citizens of the US, but under Nazism and Fascism they would be used as slaves • 25,000 joined and 800 were women – 1st opportunity to leave the reservations – meet non indians

  48. THE NAVAJO CODE TALKERS HELPED MAINTAIN SECURITY BY TRANSMITTING ORDERS IN A NAVAJO CODE THAT THE JAPANESE WERE UNABLE TO BREAK

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