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Water Systems Unit Review. Science 8. Question #1. Place the following steps of wave formation in order of their occurrence: A: Wind passes energy to the particles in the water. B : Waves are formed. C: The water particles begin to move faster and in a circular motion.
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Water Systems Unit Review Science 8
Question #1 Place the following steps of wave formation in order of their occurrence: A: Wind passes energy to the particles in the water. B: Waves are formed.C: The water particles begin to move faster and in a circular motion. D: Wind blows across the surface of the water. E: As the water particles collide with each other, they continue to pass on energy to each other, causing these particles to move in a circular motion as well.
Answer #1 Steps of wave formation in order of their occurrence: D: Wind blows across the surface of the water. A: Wind passes energy to the particles in the water.C: The water particles begin to move faster and in a circular motion. E: As the water particles collide with each other, they continue to pass on energy to each other, causing these particles to move in a circular motion as well. B: Waves are formed.
Question #2 Name the four main parts of a wave
Answer #2 The four main parts of a wave are: • Crest • Trough • Wavelength • Waveheight
Question #3 What is the distance from crest to trough on a wave called?
Answer #3 The distance from crest to trough on a wave is called the wave height.
Question #4 What is the lowest part of a wave called?
Answer #4 The lowest part of a wave is called the trough.
Question #5 What is the distance between two crests or two troughs on a wave called?
Answer #5 The distance between two crests or two troughs on a wave is called the wave length.
Question #6 What is the highest part of a wave called?
Answer #6 The highest part of a wave is called the crest.
Question #7 What is the term used to describe movement of materials along shorelines from one location to another by wave action?
Answer #7 The term used to describe the movement of materials along shorelines from one location to another by wave action is called deposition.
Question #8 What is the term used to describe the wearing away of land or shorelines due to wind or wave action?
Answer #8 The term used to describe the wearing away of land or shoreline from wind or wave action is called erosion.
Question #9 The formation of sea caves and sea stacks (such as those found at Hopewell Rocks in New Brunswick) are examples of the process of ________________.
Answer #9 The formation of sea caves and sea stacks (such as those found at Hopewell Rocks in New Brunswick) are examples of the process of erosion.
Question #10 Sand dunes along shorelines and algae found washed up on beaches are examples of the process of _________________.
Answer #10 Sand dunes along shorelines and algae found washed up on beaches are examples of the process of deposition.
Question #11 Name five methods or technologies that are put in place to protect shorelines from erosion and/or deposition.
Answer #11 Five methods or technologies that are put in place to protect shorelines from erosion and/or deposition are: • Jetty • Groyne • Soil Mats • Breakwater • Rip Rap • Pier • Cliff Stabilization • Beach Replenishment/Nourishment
Question #12 Name the three main causes of ocean currents.
Answer #12 The three main causes of ocean currents are: • Wind passing across water • Temperature Differences of water • Salinity Differences of water
Question #13 Draw a beaker with the following layers of water, layered out according to their densities. A. Cold unsalted water B. Cold salted water C. Warm unsalted water D. Room temperature unsalted water
Answer #13 These are the layers of water, layered out according to their densities. C. Warm unsalted water (LEAST DENSE) D. Room temperature unsalted water A. Cold unsalted water B. Cold salted water (MOST DENSE)
Question #14 What are the two main causes of tides? Where do these forces come from?
Answer #14 The two main causes of tides are: • Gravitational Force (from the moon and sun)\ • Centrifugal Force (caused by the rotation of the Earth around its own axis)
Question #15 Explain how and where the centrifugal force causes tides on Earth.
Answer #15 The centrifugal force is caused by the rotation of the Earth around its own axis (center of gravity). This force causes a high tide on the side of the Earth that is opposite the Earth’s axis (center of gravity).
Question #16 Explain how and where the gravitational force causes tides on Earth.
Answer #16 The gravitational force causing tides comes from the moon and the sun. The location on Earth where the tides are formed because of these gravitational forces depends on how the sun, moon, and Earth line up, but generally, the high tide is formed on the side of the Earth that us closest to the moon.
Question #17 What are the two categories of submersibles that we discussed in class? What are the three different submersibles that we discussed in class? Give the three abbreviations used for them and explain what they stand for.
Answer #17: Submersibles Unmanned Submersibles (Do not carry people) Manned Submersibles (Carry people) HOV (Human Occupied Vehicle) ROV (Remotely-Operated Vehicle) AUV (Autonomous Underwater Vehicle) HOVs are submersible crafts that take people under water and to the depths of the ocean Free-floating unmanned submersibles used for complex manipulations (i.e., get an oil well ready for drilling on ocean floor, collecting seafloor sediments, etc. Unmanned submersibles that are attached to a research vessel by a cable; best for surveys that can be programmed ahead of time and without supervision; measure ocean water characteristics (temp, salinity), map seabed, inspect subsea installations , and to lay underwater cable.
Question #18 Name five other methods/technologies used to do ocean research and explain what they are used for.
Answer #18 Other methods/technologies used to do ocean research include: • Spray Glider – records ocean characteristics (temp., salinity, etc.) • Gravity Corer – collects seafloor sediments • Sediment Trap – collects drifting marine snow • TowCam Underwater Camera – underwater pictures and video • Sound Navigation and Ranging (SONAR) – maps out seafloor, measures depth, and locates objects under water • Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) – similar to SONAR; measures current speed and ocean depth • Ocean-Bottom Seismometer - measure movements of Earth’s crust • Marine Magnetometer – detect variations in the magnetic fields of the underlying seafloor • Underwater Laboratory – study marine environment under water • Scuba Diving Gear – allow people to breathe and dive under water
Question #19 Explain how one ocean research method or technology has improved over time. Be specific about its improvements.
Question #20 Name four Canadian ocean research organizations that contribute/have contributed to the field of ocean research, and give one specific example of the kind of research that they do/have done that is related to the ocean or its species.
