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Sustainable Fish Farming: Balancing the Ecosystem

Explore the challenges and benefits of fish farming, the impact on oceanic ecosystems, and sustainable practices for a healthier future. Learn about the risks of fisheries collapse and how aquaculture can contribute to global food security.

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Sustainable Fish Farming: Balancing the Ecosystem

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  1. Stamp! Obj #24-30 • Board! • Test! Monday! • Be Wise! Compare your objectives and add new insights.

  2. What about fish? • 3rd major source of food for humans • 1 billion people rely on fish for main source of protein • Some ocean wild fish populations are overfished • Fisheries collapse? As of 2006, 30% of fisheries worldwide have declined by 90%

  3. Fish Farming (ff: 9min) • Global fish production has increased by more than 20% since 1980, mostly due to aquaculture • Raising fish/shellfish, seaweeds in tanks = aquaculture

  4. Oceanic Fish Farms • Stock, feed, clean • Density may require antibiotics • Clean water pumped in one end and used water out the other

  5. Tradeoffs! • Can be local • Scalable • Can be combined with plants for a nutrient cycle • Protein source Dense populations can spread disease , waste products (density dependent!) Consideration of what they are being fed Escaping fish may spread disease

  6. Awkward segue . . . .

  7. Test Monday – All Food objectives • Tutorials: first 20 min of lunch today in minitheater • Monday morning

  8. AP it up! • For each of these sentences, use your notes/objectives to add supporting specific details

  9. AP it up! • Monocultures reduce diversity which is not sustainable. • CAFOs cause resistance to antibiotics. • The industrial food system is very dependent on fossil fuels. • The use of pesticides is contributing to Colony Collapse Disorder.

  10. Sustainability considerations • Processed food • Transported food • Stored food • Monoculture • Pesticides • Inorganic Fertilizers • Mechanization • Short term gains • Cost minimization priority over human rights • Whole foods • Local food • Seasonal food • Polyculture/polyvarietal • IPM pest strategies • Organic fertilizers • People/animal power • Long term soil fertility • Fair trade = fair wages for fair work

  11. A spectrum of choices – all growers deal with pests! Industrial Integrated Pest Organic/ Agriculture management traditional Least sustainable most sustainable

  12. Integrated pest management • Overarching philosophy: • Eradication of pests is not possible, so the goal must be pest suppression. • General practice: Monitor pest populations. When damage of crops will cost more than the cost of action, IPM managers take steps to control pests. Pesticides will be used only as a last resort.

  13. Guiding principle: Pests and diseases generally are plant-specific. • Examples – • Boll weevil attacks cotton plants • Rust and smut fungus attack corn • Yellow rust fungus attacks wheat

  14. Diversity protects harvests from pests and diseases because they run out of food.

  15. Monocultures are like a banquet!

  16. Consider the issue of Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD) • Pesticides • Monocultures • Mites/bee diseases • Flowerless landscapes • Analyze your IPM strategy and determine • 1. how it works • 2. why it’s more sustainable • 3. it’s role in reversing CCD

  17. Cultivation/physical approaches • Crop rotation – • non-legume, legume, fallow field/cover crop

  18. Each crop demands a different mix of soil nutrients • Root/fruit/flowers: high Phosphorous demand (nucleic acids) • Leaves: Nitrogen (photosynthesis proteins)

  19. Cultivation/physical approaches Hedge rows provide shelter for beneficial insects, insectivorous birds and other pest predators (preying mantis, ladybugs, bats)

  20. Biological pest control Release beneficial insects purchased in quantity (pest predators), encourage insectivorous birds

  21. Other predators

  22. Insectivorous birds

  23. Biological Pest control • Release of sterile males: mate with females, no offspring produced.

  24. Chemical Pest control • Pheromones: used in bait traps to lure insects away from crops

  25. Chemical control • Hormone disruptors prevent molting or development to next stage. • As a last resort, IPM farmers will use pesticides (herbicides, insecticides, rodenticides, fungicides)

  26. Current sustainability choices • Advantages • Disadvantages

  27. “Organic farming is a crucial WME (weapon of mass enlightenment). - Gary Hirshberg CEO of Stoneyfield organic yogurt

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