Brainstorm

1. The influence on the health status of developing countries compared to Australia of income, gender equality, peace/ political stability, education, access to health care, global marketing (of alcohol, tobacco and fast / processed foods) and physical environments.

2. Brainstorm • What are some factors that can lead to differences in health status between developing and developed countries?

3. Brainstorm • What are some factors that you are aware of that can lead to differences in health status between developing and developed countries? • Income • Gender Equality • Peace • Political Stability • Access to health care • Education • Physical Environment – access to water, sanitation, housing, pollution, infrastructure • Marketing – tobacco, alcohol, processed foods

5. Income - GDP GDP – Gross Domestic Product • GDP is the market value of all goods and services produced in a country in a given year. • It is a reflection of the wealth of a country and affects how much money is available to spend on services and infrastructure. • The level of GDP affects access to clean water, sanitation, health services and social security nets (such as pensions and disability payments). • The GDP does NOT determine how the wealth is distributed

6. There is a relationship between GDP and poverty.

7. Income - Poverty • Poverty is generally defined in terms of income and is measured in a number of different ways – • those living on less than a certain amount per day (often US$1.25 a day). This is referred to as absolute poverty or extreme poverty. • those living on less than 50 per cent of their country’s average income. This is referred to as relative poverty. Taken from pg. 273

8. poverty impacts on health and human development through: • higher rates of malnutrition. Malnutrition decreases immune function, which increases the risk of infection, and reduces the ability for individuals to reach their potential • higher rates of maternal mortality. Poverty usually results in an inability of pregnant women to afford health care, nutritious foods and education • higher U5MR. Immunisation, adequate food intake, access to clean water and access to health care are often out of reach for those living in poverty, increasing childhood deaths.

9. greater gender imbalances in education, income and living standards. The lower status of women in many developing countries means they often miss out on opportunities for education. This impacts on employment opportunities and living conditions. A lack of education and income is associated with poorer health outcomes and lower life expectancy. • lower levels of literacy. This reduces opportunities for employment, which decreases opportunities for people to reach their full potential.

10. Working poor • In many developing countries, employment does not necessarily mean the individual will not live in poverty. Many employed people still live on less than $1.25 a day. These people are known as the ‘working poor’. • The working poor generally have unstable employment and are therefore more likely to have their employment and income interrupted as a result of: • conflict • natural disasters • economic fluctuations • effects of global warming.

11. Wealth divide • Many developing countries have a small percentage of wealthy people while the rest of the country lives in poverty. This divide in wealth means that these countries experience the health concerns associated with poverty, such as high rates of communicable diseases and higher rates of child and adult mortality, which most developed countries do not experience. • They are also likely to experience health concerns associated with wealth which are also common in developed countries, such as obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

12. How POVERTY can do the following Inability to afford health care, nutritious food and education – therefore impacting on maternal mortality Cant afford to buy food, therefore decrease immune function, increase infection – people not being able to reach their full potential No access to immunisation, inadequate food intake, no access to health care Lower status of women in developing countries, means less access to education – this impacts on employment opportunities and therefore income which affects living standards No education, impacts on literacy levels, reduces opportunity for employment, which decreases peoples chance to reach their full potential.

13. Poverty • Clip on urban poverty • http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=FU75pN7GOjY • Distribution of wealth • http://mashable.com/2013/03/02/wealth-inequality/ • Hunger map • http://www.wfp.org/hunger/map • World bank clip on poverty • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J7EC7b0fR2Y&&_sm_au_=iVVMNNb2MqJFbV3N • Video on hunger • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fHF-O2iSv_k&feature=relmfu

14. Povety • Water and sanitation • http://hdr.undp.org/en/mediacentre/videos/2006/ • Malnutrition video • http://www.wfp.org/nutrition • Clip on child labour • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lMLAZg9WLDM&feature=relmfu • http://foodtank.org/resources/594/Videos/2012_Global_Hunger_Index

15. Are there different levels of poverty?

16. What impact will poverty have on their lives?

17. How will poverty impact her life?

18. Is this person living in poverty?

19. What are some of the reasons that can lead to poverty? • . • . • .

20. How can conflict/war and natural disasters impact on poverty?

21. Poverty • If you are not living in poverty but others in your country are –can poverty affect you?

22. Poverty • Communicable diseases • diseases associated with wealth – such as obesity, diabetes, CVD

23. Income - Poverty Percentage of employed people living on less than $1.25 (ppp) a day

24. Homework questions • Chapter 8.4 • TYK q. 1,2,3 • AYK q. 6,7,