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Design Factors/Site Plan

Design Factors/Site Plan. Orientation. Building should be positioned to maximize desirable features and minimize negative aspects Energy Orientation Solar Orientation Room/Outdoor Area Locations Overhang and Baffle Protection Land/Shelter Wind Control. Energy Orientation.

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Design Factors/Site Plan

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  1. Design Factors/Site Plan

  2. Orientation • Building should be positioned to maximize desirable features and minimize negative aspects • Energy Orientation • Solar Orientation • Room/Outdoor Area Locations • Overhang and Baffle Protection • Land/Shelter • Wind Control

  3. Energy Orientation • Local resources and climate have an affect on energy use – heating, cooling, and lighting • Native Americans building houses under the overhang of cliffs • Provided shade from the summer sun and protection from winter wind

  4. Energy Orientation • Fossil fuels are finite so energy efficient principles need to be used • Combustion of natural materials such as reclaimed wasted, wood or other organic materials • Require special equipment to heat/cool the home

  5. Solar designs • Active solar designs – Use of mechanical/electrical tools or devices to control the sun’s energy • Passive solar designs – Use of the sun’s power without mechanical/electrical tools or devices. Use design features and orientation of a building to gain control of the sun’s energy

  6. Solar Orientation • Sunlight angle changes from summer to winter as the earth revolves around the sun • Northern Hemisphere: South and West sides of a structure are warmer than the North and East sides, South being the warmest • Building should absorb southern heat in the winter and repel in the summer, also plan to provide natural sunlight

  7. Floor plans • Open floor plans and tall ceilings create cooler temperatures and increased ventilation • Closed floor plans and low ceilings typically increase temperatures

  8. Room layout • The function of the room as well as the season/time of day the room will be used should be considered when the layout is determined • Typically the dining room and kitchen should get sunlight early in the morning and then the living room should have light by afternoon

  9. Room layout • Kitchen and dining room on the south or east side of the house • Living room areas are placed on the south or west, receive late day rays of the sun • Sleeping area tends to be located on the North side of the building, provides greatest darkness in morning/evening and is also the coolest side

  10. Overhangs/baffles(shields) • Thought out to allow the max amount of sunlight and heat to enter the inside of a building during winter, opposite for summer • Edge of the overhang should be related to the height of the window

  11. Baffling and Louvers • Should be accomplished without blocking natural light

  12. Not all light can be blocked • Direct and indirect radiation through windows

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