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Prof. Andreas Ladner pmp 2011

Gestion de l’organisation territoriale Tasks and Functions. Prof. Andreas Ladner pmp 2011. Why do we have/need a state?. State in history. The feudalistic state (empires, monarchies) The oligarchic state (aristocracies, bourgeoisies) The liberal constitutional state The national state

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Prof. Andreas Ladner pmp 2011

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  1. Gestion de l’organisation territorialeTasks and Functions Prof. Andreas Ladner pmp 2011

  2. Why do we have/need a state?

  3. State in history • The feudalistic state (empires, monarchies) • The oligarchic state (aristocracies, bourgeoisies) • The liberal constitutional state • The national state • The democratic welfare state • (States without territory and boundaries)

  4. Main tasks of a state - a general view • Guaranteeing security and social order (external and internal security) • Guaranteeing provisions and services which are essential to modern life and for which an universal provision has to be guaranteed • Providing infrastructure and regulations for economic prosperity • Guaranteeing social security and welfare • Guaranteeing sustainable development and protection against risks

  5. A state provides public services • What are the specific public services a state has to provide? • How does the state have to provide these services?

  6. How do you define what a modern state has to do?

  7. In modern, developed countries the term public services often includes: Public information and archiving, such as libraries Public transportation Social housing Social services Telecommunications Town planning Waste management Water services • Broadcasting • Education • Electricity • Environmental protection • Fire service • Gas • Health care • Military • Police service

  8. How do you define how a state has to provide its services? • Goods (services) which may (according to prevailing social norms) be under-provided by the market. • Or: By democratic political decisions tout court! .

  9. Mancure Olson (1986): Toward a More General Theory of Governmental Structure • A theory of governmental structure begins with market failure • Market failure stems from nonrivalness in consumption and infeasability of excluding nonpurchasers -> Public goods

  10. Public goods have different patterns of benificiaries • Exogenous domains (receivers of a public good are beyond the control of the political and legal system) • Endogenous domains (receivers of a public good are within the political and legel system) • Some public goods have a clientele that is not defined geographically.

  11. See article 1969: • Parteo optimal allocation has to follow the principle of fiscal equivalence • http://www.andreasladner.ch/dokumente/Literatur_Unterricht/Olson_1969.pdf

  12. „Gewährleistungsstaat?“ • Services provided by the state itself • Services for which the responsibility for the provision is in the hand of the state Leading principle(s)?

  13. B: Allocation of tasks and services • Which state level which services? • Decision, funding and execution • (Social security, health, education, …… )

  14. Which level which services? • Allocation of services between different levels • Decision, funding and execution • Relationship between the different levels -> IGM

  15. Dimensions to analyse (Page and Goldsmith 1987) • Tasks • Discretion • Access and Influence

  16. Results 1987 • Northern European Countries (Norway, Denmark, Sweden, UK): Local governments have a wide range of functions, with some discretion in the way these functions are performed. Access to central government passes largely through their local government associations. • Southern European Countries (France, Spain, Italy): Local governments are small with few functions, limited discretion (oversight through central government) and limited finances. More direct and informal access to central government for many matters of interest.

  17. Since then, things have probably changed • EU • NPM • Local Democracy • Governance

  18. How to measure the role of local government? • Task and functions: share of public expenditure, share of public employment • Discretion: Regulations and the legal system, oversight, (financial autonomy), self-rule or shared rule • Access: importance of associations, role of parties, „cumul des mandats“

  19. Hypotheses • Recent developments had very little impact on IGR (path dependency) • Extensive changes • Varying degrees of change depending on the experience of each country

  20. Observation Growing importance of the meso (UK, Belgium, Spain, France, Italy Norway, Sweden).

  21. La Suisse – Sonderfall?

  22. Personnel de la fonction publique centrale selon le type d’employeur 1995-2008 (NOGA08)

  23. Taux d’administration selon la forme juridique

  24. Impact culturel 2005

  25. Results from the country conclusion of the chapters in Goldsmith/Page (1) Institutions of territorial governance have changed (due to globalization, Europeanisation, the emergence of the meso and changing patterns of regulation) considerably -> nature of IGR are likely to have changed also. -> a greater diversity in terms of IGR is to be found

  26. Results from the country conclusion of the chapters in Goldsmith/Page (2) North-south distinction is no longer valid Some countries which were at the top in 1987 have moved down (N), some have moved up (F, I) (p. 248)

  27. Discretion • Supervisional power of national government has declined in F and I • E: Whitehall has become more important, supervision, audit • DK, N, S: tightening of the existing framework of supervision

  28. Trends • Finishing unfinished business in the South • Greater regulations and new forms of it • Beyond North and South

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