Gareth Fenley, MSW Certified Peer Specialist Alex Mabe, PhD Professor and Chief of Psychology Joseph S. Ricci, PhD Admi

1. ; Project GREAT: Bringing Consumerism to Mental Health Education and ServicesDepartment of Psychiatry and Health BehaviorMedical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA Gareth Fenley, MSW Certified Peer Specialist Alex Mabe, PhD Professor and Chief of Psychology Joseph S. Ricci, PhD Administrative Director

2. “…the mental health delivery system is fragmented and in disarray.” Source: New Freedom Commission on Mental Health (2003). Achieving the promise: Transforming mental health care in America. Final Report. DHHS Pub No. SMA-03-3832, Rockville, MD.

3. Mental Illness Affects People in the Prime of Their Lives Half of the lifetime cases of mental illness begin by age 15 and three-quarters by age 24

4. About half of Americans will meet criteria for a DSM-IV Disorder in their lifetime. Kessler, et al., 2005

5. Use of Mental Health Services- Adults Between 2001 and 2003, 60 percent of individuals with a mental disorder got no treatment National Comorbidty Survey Replication Study- Wang et al., 2005

6. Use of Mental Health Services- Serious Mental Illness • 55 percent stated that they had not received services because they did not need it. National Comorbidty Survey Study- Kessler et al., 2001

7. Use of Mental Health Services • Delays in making treatment contact range from 6-8 years for mood disorders and 6-23 years for anxiety disorders. • 10% dropout by the 5th visit, 18% by the 10th visit, 20% by the 25th visit. National Comorbidty Survey Replication Study- Wang et al., 2005 National Comorbidty Survey Study- Edlund et al., 2002

8. Medication Regimen Adherence • Noncompliance rates well over 50% for most medication treatments of major psychiatric disorders – often not detected by the provider.

9. Access to High Quality Care In the National Comorbidity Study: 78.2 % of mood disorders and 95.9% among nonaffective psychoses did not receive minimally adequate mental health treatment Wang, Berglund, & Kessler, 2000

10. Have Psychiatrists Become Medication Managers? From 1987 to 1997: • Percent of patients receiving medications doubled. • Average number of visits declined from 12.6 to 8.7. Olfson et al., 2002

11. Traditional Psychiatric Care Case Vignette

12. Stigma • Surgeon General’s Report on Mental Health of 1999, “…despite unprecedented knowledge gained in just the past three decades about brain and human behavior, mental health is often an afterthought and illnesses of the mind remain shrouded in fear and misunderstanding.”

13. Stigma • National survey data indicate that 75 percent of the public views individuals with mental illness as dangerous. • This negative view has been influenced by negative images of psychosis, poor social skills, poor personal appearance. • Stigma is worse for schizophrenia versus depression.

14. Stigma- Mental Health Care • People with mental illness often internalize negative attitudes toward those with mental illness, resulting in reluctance to seek and/or maintain adequate mental health care.

15. Recovery and Project GREAT “Houses” by an unnamed child from Vienna

16. Buzz Aldrin - Astronaut

17. …represents a convergence of data and theory and a consumer-driven movement that all clearly point to the enormous benefits of giving individuals a sense of self-determination in their own health and well-being. The Recovery Model of mental health care

18. The Recovery Model • Transcends the exclusive focus on symptom reduction that marks the traditional medical model. • Instills hope while emphasizing a non-linear process of recovery that includes setback and challenges. • Recognizes that people living with mental illness have strengths, goals, and dreams to be honored. • Emphasizes holistic and individualized care. • Defines recovery as what the patient does.

19. The Recovery Model • Insists that health care is to be collaborative. • It is a partnership, more like midwifery than surgery, but perhaps characterized best in the words of The Home Depot, “You can do it. We can help.” Used with permission of Larry Davidson, Ph.D. Davidson, L. (2007, January). Recovery and serious mental illness: What it is and how to promote it. Presentation at the Medical College of Georgia Psychiatry Grand Rounds (January 11, 2007).

20. The Essence of the Recovery Model of Mental Health Care • Self-Determination • Self-Efficacy • Support

21. Diane Arbus - Photographer

22. Project G.R.E.A.T.(Georgia Recovery-Based Educational Approach to Treatment) • System transformation to a Recovery model of care through teaching and dissemination. • Funded by the Georgia Department of Human Resources, Division of Mental Health, Developmental Disabilities, and Addictive Diseases with special assistance by the Carter Center in Atlanta.

23. Project G.R.E.A.T.The Team • Peter F. Buckley, MD • Gareth Fenley, MSW • P. Alex Mabe, PhD • Scott A. Peebles, PhD

24. Project G.R.E.A.T.The Goals • To transform an academic department into a Recovery Model program. • To disseminate the Recovery Model to mental health agencies and medical schools throughout Georgia and beyond.

25. Project G.R.E.A.T.The Challenges • “If it ain’t broke, don’t fix it” attitude. • Fears that the Recovery Model would infringe on the best practices in traditional care. • Time constraints. • Stigmatizing attitudes. • No administrative precedent for a Certified Peer Specialist. • No consumer presence on hospital/clinic advisory boards.

26. Tom Harrell - Jazz Musician

27. Project Great: Defining and Refining as we go. • Phase I: Bringing on a Certified Peer Specialist.

28. A “Peer Specialist” or “Peer Support Specialist”: • Manages his or her own life with mental illness • Provides mental health services to others with mental illness (peers)

29. Winning against Ongoing Challenges • The peer specialist • May have been disabled by the most severe diagnoses (schizophrenia, PTSD, etc.) • May also be in recovery from co-occurring substance abuse • May experience continuing symptoms of mental illness

30. The Peer Specialist’s Role • Part of a multidisciplinary team • Does not treat symptoms • Offers role modeling and teaching about Recovery

31. The Georgia Certified Peer Specialist (CPS) Program • High school diploma or GED required • Competitive admissions process • Two-week training • Certification exam • Continuing education

32. Peer Support in Georgia • First ever rewarded with Medicaid reimbursement • Has trained residents of 13 US states and Canada • 300+ Georgians certified • The leading curriculum for peer specialist training internationally

33. Project GREAT and the CPS Project • Intimately linked from the beginning • Hiring a CPS to join the MCG staff was planned from the outset • Several CPSs collaborated to advise MCG on a Steering Committee and in focus groups during the creation of the plan

34. Institutional Barriers • Obtaining administrative clearance to hire the CPS took a year after grant funding began • CPS credential is not recognized by MCG hospital administration • CPS is unable to view medical records or access scheduling system • CPS has hospital privileges similar to a volunteer but is full-time paid staff expected to collaborate with clinical treatment teams

35. Opportunities and Challenges • Faculty, staff, and residents at all levels have welcomed the CPS • Expressed attitudes toward CPS on team have been positive • A handful of MDs have made most of the referrals (mostly inpatients who may be difficult to follow up with as outpatients) • Many providers have expressed willingness to refer to CPS services, but puzzlement over how the process works

36. Dr. Kay Redfield Jamison- Psychologist, Scientist and Author

37. Project Great: Defining and Refining as we go. • Phase II: Developing a Behavioral Health Advisory Council

38. Lunatics Running The Asylum? (Is there a place for PFCC in Mental Health?) • Psychiatric patients are traditionally seen as unable to collaborate in their own care due to mental impairment • Many family members have been encouraged to surrender care decisions entirely to professionals and even to consider some loved ones “dead”

39. Patient and Family Advisors in Mental Health: Unique Challenges • Physical logistics (locked units, unmarked locations) • Procedural logistics (heightened confidentiality, separate and often lesser insurance benefits) • Funding • STIGMA • Affecting patients • Affecting families • Affecting care providers

40. MCG’s Commitment • Vision: To be a national leader in patient and family centered teaching, research and care • PFCC inaugurated in children’s medical center • MCG featured in PBS series “Remaking American Medicine” • Under leadership of VP Patricia Sodomka, FACHE, expanding PFCC to entire MCG enterprise • Top Level Departmental Leadership has attended meeting and supported the enterprise.

41. MCG’s Behavioral Health Advisory Council • Patient and family members referred by clinicians • Active participation by psychiatry faculty, staff, and administrators • CPS – Serves as the Facilitator • Meets monthly. • Minutes and policy recommendations distributed to all members of the council and targeted faculty, staff, and administrators.

42. Topics Tackled by the Council • Billing procedures • Reminder calls and letters • Interior decoration/renovation • Involving kids in policy making • Transition to tobacco free campus • Inpatient programming/volunteering • Patient and family info leaflet • Feedback on patient and family experiences

43. Sigmund Freud – Psychiatrist, Scientist

44. Project Great: Defining and Refining as we go. • Phase III: Developing workshops to immerse psychology and psychiatry faculty and students in the Recovery Model of Mental Health Care.

45. Workshop I: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behavior • Active learning is more effective. • Expose the learner to individuals with mental illness that promote a more positive sense of what patients can do for themselves. • Build “the case” from relevant and empirically supported data. • Provide useable tools. • Teach skills, not just knowledge.

46. Natalie Cole - Singer

47. Jack Dreyfus – Business Leader

48. Eleanor Roosevelt – Political Leader

49. The Primacy of Choice and Personal Responsibility:Example of Data Provided • Langer and Rodin (1976) – a field study of nursing home residents. • For one group it is stressed that their care and well-being is the responsibility of the staff. • For the other group it is stressed that they are responsible for themselves. Langer & Rodin (1976) The effect of choice and enhanced personal responsibility for the aged: A field experiment in an institutional setting. J of Personality and Social Psychology, 34, 191-198.

50. The Effects of Choice and Enhanced Responsibility • Good care by the staff on behalf of the residents resulted in 71% becoming more debilitated. • 93% of the residents given choice and responsibility increased in their functioning. Langer & Rodin (1976) The effect of choice and enhanced personal responsibility for the aged: A field experiment in an institutional setting. J of Personality and Social Psychology, 34, 191-198.