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Research in Psychology. A creative problem-solving enterprise. Goals of Psychology… Using “false memory” as an example. Measurement and description Understanding and prediction Application and control. Goals of Psychology… Using “false memory” as an example.
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Research in Psychology A creative problem-solving enterprise
Goals of Psychology…Using “false memory” as an example • Measurement and description • Understanding and prediction • Application and control
Goals of Psychology…Using “false memory” as an example • People “misremember” frequently (M> 50%) Measurement and description • Listen carefully and critically Application and control • Memory is constructive—people “fill in the blanks” Understanding and prediction • Avoid assumptions! Application and control • Context influences the construction Understanding and prediction
“Sweetening” Introspective Methods with New Methods • Let’s try this……
What does the Stroop Task Demonstrate? What kind of research design is this? A survey or questionnaire? A case study? Naturalistic observation? An experiment?
What is the independent variable (IV)? What is the dependent variable (DV)? How many treatment groups were there? How many treatment conditions were there? Was there random selection? Was there random assignment? How would we achieve reliability?
Other means of collecting data about behavior….Are You Normal?—the survey In your groups…identify the advantages and disadvantages
The Problem-Solving Cycle Scientific Inquiry--Research stages
Problem recognition (experience) *Informal observations *Past research*Question Definition of problem (Theory) *Hypotheses (prediction) *operational definitions Evaluating PS Constructing a strategy for *Conclusion PS (Research) *Sampling: *ModifyRepresentative, random *Design *Test *Collect data Monitoring PS *Statistical analysis Representing information about a problem *Design Allocation of resources *Design
ExperimentalCausal Independent Variable (IV): presumed cause Dependent Variable (DV): presumed effect Random Assignment Experimental, control Avoiding bias Comparison of Research Designs
ExperimentalCausal Independent Variable (IV): presumed cause Dependent Variable (DV): presumed effect Random Assignment Experimental, control Avoiding bias CorrelationalNon- causal No IV Two variables co-vary No random assignment Positive Negative Prediction Research Designs
Experimental Extraneous Variables Controlling confounds Correlational Illusory correlations X Y Z Research Designs…pitfalls!
