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Nuclear Chemistry: A Deep Dive into Particle Acceleration and Transmutation

Explore the world of nuclear chemistry, where elements transmute and particles accelerate in underground tunnels. Learn about nuclear reactions, fusion, and the balance of nuclear equations.

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Nuclear Chemistry: A Deep Dive into Particle Acceleration and Transmutation

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  1. N u c l e a r C h e m i s t r y

  2. C y c l o t r o n : a p a r t i c l e a c c e l e r a t o r

  3. C y c l o t r o n : u n d e r g r o u n d t u n n e l

  4. N u c l e a r R e a c t o r

  5. T r a n s m u t a t i o n A c h a n g e i n t h e n u m b e r o f p r o t o n s i n t h e n u c l e u s p r o d u c i n g a n a t o m w i t h a d i f f e r e n t a t o m i c n u m b e r .

  6. T r a n s m u t a t i o n T h e f i r s t w a s p e r f o r m e d b y L o r d R u t h e r f o r d i n 1 9 1 1 . N i t r o g e n - 1 4 w a s b o m b a r d e d w i t h a l p h a p a r t i c l e s p r o d u c i n g O x y g e n - 17 a n d p r o t o n s . continued

  7. T r a n s m u t a t i o n T h e n u c l e a r e q u a t i o n f o r t h i s r e a c t i o n l o o k s l i k e t h i s : 4 2 17 8 1 1 14 7 N + He O + H

  8. F i s s i o n A n u c l e a r r e a c t i o n i n w h i c h a v e r y h e a v y n u c l e u s i s s p l i t i n t o t w o a p p r o x i m a t e l y e q u a l f r a g m e n t s .

  9. F u s i o n A n u c l e a r r e a c t i o n i n w h i c h t w o o r m o r e s m a l l n u c l e i a r e f o r c e d t o g e t h e r t o f o r m o n e l a r g e r n u c l e u s .

  10. N u c l e a r s y m b o l s A t o m i c M a s s U 2 3 8 9 2 A t o m i c N u m b e r T h e e l e m e n t i s r e p r e s e n t e d b y i t s c h e m i c a l s y m b o l

  11. N u c l e a r P a r t i c l e s 4 2 H e a l p h a b e t a - m i n u s b e t a - p l u s n e u t r o n 0 -1 e e 0 +1 n 1 0 continued

  12. N u c l e a r P a r t i c l e s K - c a p t u r e • A n a t o m i c n u c l e u s c a p t u r e s a n e l e c t r o n f r o m i t s o w n i n n e r m o s t e n e r g y l e v e l . • T h e a t o m i c n u m b e r i s d e c r e a s e d b y o n e a n d t h e m a s s n u m b e r r e m a i n s t h e s a m e . continued

  13. N u c l e a r P a r t i c l e s K - c a p t u r e I n a n e q u a t i o n , i t l o o k s l i k e t h i s : Tc 100 44 Ru + 0 -1 e 100 43

  14. N u c l e a r E q u a t i o n s N u c l e a r e q u a t i o n s c a n b e b a l a n c e d j u s t l i k e r e g u l a r c h e m i c a l e q u a t i o n s .

  15. N u c l e a r E q u a t i o n s • T o b a l a n c e n u c l e a r e q u a t i o n s , f o l l o w t h e s e t w o r u l e s : • M a s s n u m b e r i s c o n s e r v e d • E l e c t r i c c h a r g e i s c o n s e r v e d

  16. R u l e O n e • M a s s n u m b e r i s c o n s e r v e d : • T h e s u m o f t h e m a s s n u m b e r s b e f o r e t h e c h a n g e m u s t e q u a l t h e s u m o f t h e m a s s n u m b e r s a f t e r t h e c h a n g e .

  17. R u l e T w o • C h a r g e i s c o n s e r v e d : • T h e t o t a l e l e c t r i c c h a r g e o n s u b a t o m i c p a r t i c l e s a n d n u c l e i b e f o r e a n d a f t e r t h e c h a n g e m u s t b e e q u a l .

  18. C o m p l e t e a n d B a l a n c e 4 2 H e L i + 1 1 H 7 3 n + 1 0 H + 3 1 H 2 1 14 7 14 6 C N +

  19. B a l a n c e d E q u a t i o n s 2 4 2 H e L i + 1 1 H 7 3 n + 4 2 H e 1 0 H + 3 1 H 2 1 e 14 7 14 6 C N + 0 -1

  20. C o m p l e t e a n d B a l a n c e • L e a d - 2 1 4 d e c a y s b y b e t a e m i s s i o n • B i s m u t h - 2 1 4 d e c a y s b y b e t a e m i s s i o n • P o l o n i u m - 2 1 4 d e c a y s b y a l p h a e m i s s i o n

  21. C o m p l e t e d E q u a t i o n s e + 0 -1 214 83 B i Pb 214 82 214 83 B i 0 -1 e + 214 84 P o 214 84 P o 4 2 H e + 210 82 P b

  22. E n d N u c l e a r C h e m

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