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SWE202 Fundamental of Operating System Lecture 1: Introduction

SWE202 Fundamental of Operating System Lecture 1: Introduction. Asst.Prof.Dr.Surasak Mungsing Faculty of Information Technology Sripatum University. Topic. Basic Knowledge of computers Importance of Operating Systems Evolution of Operating Systems Responsibility of Operating Systems.

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SWE202 Fundamental of Operating System Lecture 1: Introduction

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  1. SWE202 Fundamental of Operating SystemLecture 1: Introduction Asst.Prof.Dr.SurasakMungsing Faculty of Information Technology Sripatum University

  2. Topic • Basic Knowledge of computers • Importance of Operating Systems • Evolution of Operating Systems • Responsibility of Operating Systems

  3. Evolution of Computers • History of computing • The first generation • The second generation • The third generation • The fourth generation • The fifth generation

  4. What is a Computer • Automated electronic device • Computing machine • Able to solve simple or complex problems based on mathematics

  5. History of computation • Abacus http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yfWoR3IJh2A

  6. Chinese abucus $26 online step-by-step how to perform addition, subtraction, division, multiplication, square roots and cube roots on a Chinese abacus

  7. The first generation of computer vacuum tube ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator) built by the University of Pennsylvania in 1943-45 More Info at: http://www1.fccj.org/jdebo/new_page_3.htm

  8. The second generation computer transistors Punched card Magnetic tape

  9. The second generation computer • Transistor era • low cost, low power consumption, low heat produced • Transistor-based computer • Processing speed in millisecondsper instruction • Store data in punched cards and magnetic tapes • Use assembly language

  10. The third generation of computer • IC-Integrated Circuit era • An IC can contain 100,000 circuit in this period • 1 KB RAM, Intel 4004 (4-bit) and Intel 8008 (8-bit) used in small electronic devices such as normal calculators, watches, scales, etc. • Processing power in microseconds per instructions • High-level programming languages • RDBMS

  11. The fourth generation of computer • LSI (Large-scale integration) andVLSI (very large-scale integration) • Personal Computer orPC era • Processing capability: nanoseconds per instruction • Pointing device (e.g. mouse click) introduced

  12. The fifth generation of computer • Ultra large-scale integration • Notebook, PDA, smart phone • OS หลากหลาย เช่น MS Windows, MacOS, Linux, etc

  13. Operating Systems

  14. Importance of Operating Systems • It moderates the relationship between the computer and its peripherals • It helps in the management of files,- copying, deleting, moving of files from one storage location to the other. • It encourages the memory for its efficient usage and thus adding the speed of the computer.

  15. Importance of Operating Systems(cont.) 4. It manages the activities of the processor in terms of job execution according to the priority of arrival , of jobs 5. It informs the user of any hardware or software error 6. It makes communication between the computer and the user or the operator possible

  16. Evolution of Operating Systems • The zeroth generation • The first generation • The second generation • The third generation • The fourth generation

  17. The zeroth generation of OS • 1940-1949 • switches controlled directly by users • Controlled by machine language (0 or 1 or binary) • no concept of software (no computer program) only use hardware control

  18. The first generation of OS • 1950-1959 • batch processing • batch job controlled computer operations and then handled control to OS after job completion • Responsibility of OS was to set up computer to be ready for the next batch job

  19. The second generation of OS • beginning of 1960’s • multiprogramming • multiprocessing • multitasking • single CPU • OS-user interface development • time-sharing (both interactive mode and batch mode)

  20. The third generation of OS • late 1960’s – beginning of 1970 • general-purpose operating systems • the end of monolithic programming • operating system layer • device driver to directly control hardware

  21. The fourth generation of OS • After 1970’s • Personal computer (PC) invention • on-line data demand via personal computers and computer network • size of OS was reduced to core OS that was necessary to only computer • Break into independent subsystems, e.g. file systems, memory management, process management, I/O system, etc. and utilities programs such as database system and virtual machine

  22. Variety of OS • new architectures require more specific OS • connectivity applications (LAN, WAN, distributed processing, parallel distributed processing, real-time operating systems) need modular program as plug-and-play

  23. Responsibility of Operating Systems • Program execution • Input/Output processing • File systems management • Communication • Error detection • Resource allocation • User accounting • Security system

  24. Program execution • Program load scheduling • Program execution from beginning to end • Normal termination and abnormal termination • Protecting ripple effects to other program loading into memory or other resource such as files, hardware, network etc.

  25. Input/Output processing • Provide facility for receiving and sending data from and to external system • Communicate with Input/Output devices through drivers • Protecting and ensuring correctness and integrity of data at all time of program execution

  26. File systems management • Permanent store of data • File creating, storing, updating, and deleting are normally accomplished by user software • Users don’t know where in physical memory their files stored

  27. Communication • Data communication help enhance utilization of computers • Data communication between computers handled by network operating system

  28. Error detection • OS detects errors during program execution at all time to maintain data integrity • Erros may be caused by program, computer architecture physical limitations, power supply system, attackers • Examples of errors – trying to write data in write-protect section of memory, divide by zero, overflow in control register etc.

  29. Resource allocation • OS responsible for fair resource allocation to support execution of user programs, utility programs, or OS program according to design policy of OS designer • Also avoid and prevent problems in competing for limited resources of user program and OS program, e.g. deadlocks and trashing

  30. User accounting • Audit trail • System Administration policy • Accessing right to computer and computer networks • Attack behavior under authorized users

  31. Security system • Security is important, especially, in multiuser system • Access rights or privileges for using resources, utility programs, and communication through computer network must be controlled • Examples of computer and data security: firewall installation, data encryption, etc.

  32. Q&A

  33. Questions • Describe characteristics of the following OS • Batch • Time-sharing • Real-time • Distributed • ระบบการทำงานของคอมพิวเตอร์ในปัจจุบัน มีการเพิ่มขั้นตอนการเข้ารหัสตั้งแต่เริ่มเข้าสู่ระบบ ส่งข้อมูลผ่านเครือข่าย หรือแม้แต่บันทึกข้อมูลลงแฟ้ม จงให้เหตุผลเชิงวิชาการและเทคนิคการทำให้เกิดผล (implementation)ว่ามีข้อดี/ข้อเสียอย่างไรในการประยุกต์วิธีเข้ารหัสลับ

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