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The Civil Rights Movement: A Legacy of Struggle and Progress

Explore the key events, influential figures, and lasting impact of the Civil Rights Movement in the United States, from the fight against segregation and discrimination to the pursuit of equality and social justice. Learn about pivotal moments, such as the Montgomery Bus Boycott, Martin Luther King Jr.'s "I Have a Dream" speech, and the assassination of civil rights leaders. Reflect on the current state of racial equality in the USA and its significance globally.

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The Civil Rights Movement: A Legacy of Struggle and Progress

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  1. “I think every right-thinking white person in Montgomery, Alabama and the South should do the same (join the WCC). We must make certain that Negroes are not allowed to force their demands on us.…’’ • W. A. Gayle, the mayor of Montgomery, Alabama joined the WCC (White Citizens’ Councils) • “Black America still wears chains.” • Martin Luther King Junior, 1944 • http://mlk-kpp01.stanford.edu/index.php/encyclopedia/encyclopedia_contents (Stanford University)

  2. Civil Rights Movement USA History 12 Ms. Ball

  3. Background & Context • Slavery in the USA • Jim Crow Laws  segregation • KKK (Ku Klux Klan) 1865/ 1915 (immigration) • NAACP (1909) National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People • 14th and 15th amendments to Constitution give blacks Civil Rights 1868!

  4. Milestones • Jesse Owens ‘36 Olympics • CORE (Congress of Racial Equality); founded in Chicago 1942  freedom rides • Jazz: Charlie Parker, Dizzie Gillespie, Thelonius Monk • Jackie Robinson – first black baseball player in the Big Leagues

  5. Personalities • Martin Luther King Junior • Rosa Parks • President John F. Kennedy • Malcolm X • Muhammad Ali • President Lyndon Bains Johnston (LBJ)

  6. Civil Rights Timeline • 1954 Brown vs. The Board of Education: racial segregation violates 14th amendment (doc) • 1955 lynching of 14 year old Emmett Till • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YBsGQ_c6x7w (bob dylan) • 1955 Rosa Parks: the bus ride!

  7. Martin Luther King Jr. (MLK) • 1957 MLK creates the Southern Christian Leadership Conference: Christianity and Gandhi! • Montgomery bus boycott – 382 days • “Letter from a Birmingham Jail” the negro manifesto 1963 (doc) • Registration of negro voters • Peaceful march in Washington: “I Have a Dream” speech (doc) • Nobel Peace Prize 1964 • Assassination April 4, 1968 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LHcP4MWABGY (U2) King Institute Encyclopedia

  8. Civil Rights Timeline • 1957 Little Rock • (1960s decolonization of Africa) • 1961 freedom ride from Washington to Alabama: purpose • 1962 James Meredith first black student at U of Mississippi (Blind Side!) • (Nelson Mandela sentenced in SA) • JFK: pressure to do something • 1963 MedgarEvars shot and killed • Letter from a Birmingham Jail

  9. Civil Rights Timeline • August1963 march on Washington – 200 000+ • Nov 1963 JFK assassinated in Dallas

  10. “I don’t see an American Dream, I see an American Nightmare.” • Malcolm X

  11. Malcolm X • Nation of Islam • black nationalism = Black Power • Traveled through Africa • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kv8P3Qn9ZRs&feature=related we demand our human rights • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mX7ZzuitCQ0&feature=related (I probably am a dead man already) • Split with Nation of Islam 1964; movement now secular • 1965 assassination while speaking at the Organization of Afro-American Unity (by members of Nation of Islam) http://libcom.org/library/transgression-malcom-x?quicktabs_1=0

  12. Civil Rights Timeline • Mississippi Burning – the murder of activists (2 whites, one black) • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rmAqrMtB-Qg (movie trailer) • 1964 Civil Rights Act signed by LBJ • 1964 MLK – Nobel Prize • 1964 poll tax ends • 1965 Voting Rights Act

  13. Civil Rights Timeline • 1966 Black Panther movement • 1967 Muhammad Ali rejects the draft into the Vietnam War • convicted of violating Selective Service Act (a.k.a. the draft), Ali is barred from the ring and stripped of his title • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0eLrJMb6wpk(Vietnam)

  14. Civil Rights Timeline • 1967 Thurgood Marshall first black Supreme Court Justice • 1967 Carl Stokes first Black Mayor (Cleveland) • 1968 assassination of MLK; riots

  15. So what? • Future impact? • Where is the USA today in terms of segregation? • Legally? Politically? Socially?

  16. Canada’s Rosa Parks • http://www.cbc.ca/canada/nova-scotia/story/2010/04/15/ns-desmond-apology-dexter.html

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