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Antônio Miguel Vieira Monteiro Gilberto Câmara Divisão de Processamento de Imagens

São José dos Campos, September, 15th to 18th of 2002 ISPRS Commission VI – Education and Communications Mid Term Symposium on New approaches for Education and Communication GIS and Remote Sensing Technology Development: T he Brazilian Experience Reviews the Appropriate Technology Concept.

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Antônio Miguel Vieira Monteiro Gilberto Câmara Divisão de Processamento de Imagens

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  1. São José dos Campos, September, 15th to 18th of 2002ISPRS Commission VI – Education and CommunicationsMid Term Symposium on New approaches for Education and CommunicationGIS and Remote Sensing Technology Development:The Brazilian Experience Reviews the Appropriate Technology Concept DPI/INPE Antônio Miguel Vieira Monteiro Gilberto Câmara Divisão de Processamento de Imagens

  2. Contents • GIS and RS as Appropriate Technology • Background - Description of Geotechnology Development and Education at DPI/INPE • Technology in the Third World - Benefits and Challenges • SPRING Project: Empowering People • TerraLib: Empowering Programmers to Empower People • Conclusions - Some Lessons Learned in 20 Years of Technological Development at DPI/INPE

  3. What isAppropriate Technology Anyway ? The Historical Context Schumacher, E. (1973). Small Is Beautiful: Economics as if People Mattered. New York, Harper and Row. …economically developing nations should not adopt, uncritically, technological solutions from economically developed nations. …The original formulation, as proposed by Schumacher, was mainly based on issues related to the use of energy and non-renewable resources, and also linked to an overall perspective (typical of the 1960s and 1970s) relating to limits in the Earth’s resources.

  4. GIS and RS as Appropriate Technology Revisiting the Concept GIS and RS are technologies fostered to help the apprehension of large spaces, in particular to help us organizing and representing in the digital domain, by means of digital computers, the spatio-temporal features of the processes that take place in a particular geographic space .

  5. GIS and RS as Appropriate Technology Revisiting the Concept … and if we are talking about computer representations of a geographic space, then there is nothing that should be taken more critically than those technological solutions from economically developed nations, just because “Geometries are not Geographies!”

  6. Three Contemporary Brazilian Thinkers “ The territory is the essential condition for our every day Life”. Prof. Milton Santos Por uma nova Globalização (ed. Record, 2000) “Build up your own Agenda is a very powerful political instrument in these days. What is left out from the Agenda do not come to exist”. Prof. Bertha Becker

  7. “The first condition to set free from underdevelopment is to escape from the obssesion of reproducing the profile of those that name themselves ´developed´. It is necessary and fundamental to grasp one´s own identity.”. Prof. Celso Furtado

  8. Foto: Getúlio Batista

  9. GeoData “Scale” : Satellite Images

  10. Mosaico cedido pela organização do X SBSR (www.dsr.inpe.br/sbsr2001) CBERS/WFI, 09/04/2000, 250 m,3 a 5 dias ETM+(TM-7), 05/08/1999, 25 m, 16dias IKONOS-2, 20/08/2000, 1m(4), 3 a 7 dias GeoData “Scale”: Satellite Images

  11. Satellite Nigth ligths and Municipalites

  12. Human Activities Garimpo

  13. Slides: Silvana Amaral DPI/INPE

  14. “A System of Human Settlements (‘An Urbanized Forest?’)”

  15. The “Scale” of the Citzen:“Mapping” Social Exclusion/Inclusion : SP Capturar as discrepâncias sociais da cidade de São Paulo 49 VARIÁVEIS SÓCIO-ECONÔMICAS AGREGADAS PELOS 96 DISTRITOS DO MUNICÍPIO DE SÃO PAULO

  16. The “Scale” of the Citzen:Social Dynamics of SP-Anos 90: Homicides - Trend Surface Homicídos - SP 1996 Homicídos - SP 1999

  17. Slides: Patricia genôvez DPI/INPE The “Scale” of the Citzen:Territorial Inequalities: Social Exclusion/Inclusion in the Urban Space of São José dos Campos.

  18. Slides: Patricia genôvez DPI/INPE EXCLUSÃO SOCIAL

  19. Slides: Marília Carvalho ENSP/FIOCRUZ The “Scale” of the Citzen:Health Service Assessment FONTE: FIOCRUZ

  20. The “Scale” of the Citzen:Public Health Context Assessment : Teenager Preganancy in RJ GAM Kernel

  21. OD97 e a Grade Auto/pop OD87. Resolution 500x500m.

  22. We Need Technologies that Enable Us to Share Different “Visions” of the Geographical Space

  23. GIS and RS as Appropriate Technology For Empowering Local Governments Agencies, NGOs and Social Movements in the Third World to adequately use sophisticated technology such as Geographical Information Systems (GIS) to better manage their human and natural resources oriented towards bettering the Quality of Life of their Population.

  24. The True Challenge: The Political Challenge To share a different standpoint: That is possible for Developing Countries developing local alternatives of GIS technology. We hope to demonstrate that the general belief that local scientists and engineers in Developing Countries inevitably will be powerless to bring about innovation is misleading and self-defeating. We argue, based on the Brazilian experience, that investment in and dependence on qualified local expertise is the key to successful use of information technologies such as GIS/RS.

  25. The True Challenge: The Political Challenge When based on thoughtful and sustained research and development programs, local teams can eschew international aid packages while providing more appropriate information technology solutions for their nations. Rather than viewed as mere dependents, such research teams are able to relate to "developed world" scientists and engineers as mutually respected partners and valued contributors to intellectual discourse and scientific and technological advancement.

  26. INPE is doing its Homework Human Developing Report 2001 ‘Iniciatives to Bridge the Digital Divide’ Spring (25000 users, Public, Free, Software and Tutorials) TerraLib (Open Source Software)

  27. Multidisciplinary Team Research/Development (Geotechnologies) International/ National Cooperations Geotechnologies at DPI/INPE: From Where we Came from Meteorology (Engineering) DIN (Dpto. of Informatics) SERE I-100 (Image Analyser- 100) 1984 DPI (18 years) 2002

  28. Geotechnologies at DPI : The SPRING Experience Brazilian Technology for GIS: The ”White-Box” Model Resultados = Software + Metodologies+ Training • Software • Innovation as priority • Metodologies • Concepts in Operational Procedures • Training • Technology as part of the qualification process

  29. Geotechnologies at DPI/INPE: A Brief History of Time 1984 – 1990 : SITIM 110 / SITIM 150 / SITIM 340 / SGI 1991 – Início Desenvolvimento 1993 – SPRING 1.0 (Unix) 1996 – SPRING 2.0 (Unix) 1998 – SPRING 3.0 e SPRING 3.1 (Unix / Windows) 1999 – SPRING 3.2 e SPRING 3.3 (Unix / Windows) 2000 – SPRING 3.4 (Unix / Linux / Windows) 2001 – SPRING 3.5 e SPRING 3.5.1 2002 – SPRING 3.6

  30. Geotechnologies at DPI/INPE: Today Grupo Desenv. Interfaces Grupo Bco. Dados Geográfico Grupo Imagens Grupo Dados Cadastrais Grupo Análise Espacial SPRING Grupo Mapas Temáticos Grupo MNT Grupo Dados Rede Grupo Usuários Grupo Divulgação

  31. August, 2002

  32. August, 2002

  33. August, 2002

  34. Geotechnologies at DPI/INPE Evolution of the SPRING product Family (next 5 years) 2002 – SPRING 3.7 2003 – SPRING 4.0 - 4.1 2004 – SPRING 4.2 - 4.3 2005 – SPRING 4.4 - 4.5 2006 – SPRING 5.0 2007 – SPRING 6.0

  35. GIS Technology Today • Monolitic Systems • There is not enough room for “customizations” • SPRING is already the state-of-the-art! • The Future • Extensible DBMS • Spatial Data as just another data! • Integrated Management of Spatial data and Functions

  36. TerraLib Project: A New Technological Leap at DPI/INPE Important Note: TerraLibandSPRING Live Together, TalkANDConverge !

  37. Geotechnology Developments at INPE • Motivation • Provide innovative and user-friendly systems • Strongly linked to Research and Education • Long-term Investment • 1st. Generation (1982-1992): DOS system • 2nd. Generation (1992-present): SPRING (Windows/Linux) • Cooperative Development • INPE: team of 40 people (R&D) at DPI • Brazilian institutions: EMBRAPA, PUC/RJ, UNICAMP • 150 man-years, 600.000 LOC in C++

  38. INPE: SPRING Technology • Support for Environmental Projects • Data Integration (Images, Surfaces, Socio-Economical Data, Thematic Maps) • Data Modelling (Map Algebra, Spatial Statistics) • Education • Support for 100 graduate students in 5 years (At INPE alone) • Around 1000 users trained in Brazil and S. America (3 years – Taking only INPE’s Team) • 4 books produced (available on-line www.dpi.inpe.br/geopro)

  39. SPRING Technology: Empowering People • SPRING - Emphasis on Innovation • New Image Classification Algorithms • Strong Analytical Capability • Use of Geostatistics and Spatial Statistics • Available on the Internet - SPRING ‘lives’ on the WEB • near 25000 downloads (August,2002) • Mirror Sites: Spain, Portugal, Bolivia and USA (Soon!) • Free Technology Need not Be Worse !

  40. Technological Development in the Third World - The Challenges • How to Empower People with Advanced Technology ? • Is There a Place for Third-World Technology in a Global Market ?

  41. Empowering People with Geotechnology in Brazil • Environment • Largest Rain-Forest (4.000.000 km2) • what is causing a 15,000 km2 annual deforestation in Amazonia ? • Economy • 10th in GNP, 75st in HDI • where are the excluded citizens of Brazil ? • Health • What are the patterns of endemic diseases and their risks of epidemics?

  42. Empowering People with Geotechnology • Geotechnology: Benefits • Information About Space (“where”) • Management of Natural Resources • Assessment of Human Impacts • Planning for Sustainable Development

  43. Empowering People with Geotechnology • Geotechnology: Challenges • Complex Solution • Qualified Human Resources • Data Collection and Data Handling • Data Analysis and Decision Support

  44. Empowering People with Geotechnology • “Black-box” Approach • Buy equipment/software, not solutions • Technology does not Match Local Qualifications • High Risk - Lots of Failures in the Third World

  45. Empowering People with Geotechnology • Alternatives to the “Black-box” • Technology Choice Should Match User Capability • Develop Qualified People Before Buying Complex Systems

  46. Empowering People with Geotechnology: The “White-Box” Model results = people + methods + software • People • “Learning by Doing” x “Learning by Using” • Methods • Translate Concepts into Working Procedures • Software • Provide Adequate Support for Data Analysis and Integration

  47. Third-World technology in a Global Market : The Challenges • Competitive IT Solutions • Requires Qualified Personnel • Long-term Investment (10+ years)

  48. Third-World Technology in a Global Market : The Challenges • Lots of Qualified IT Personnel in Third World • Dispersed in Many Institutions (no critical mass) • How to Share Resources and Knowledge ?

  49. Third-World Technology in a Global Market : The Challenges • “Act locally, think globally” • Local Solutions can be Applied Elsewhere • Sucessful IT Products Should Have a Global Perspective

  50. Third-World Technology in a Global Market: Towards an Alternative • Building an Alternative to Technological Domination • Internet supporting a network of co-operation

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