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ESO 2 nd GENERATION INSTRUMENTATION – OPTICAL DESIGNS

ESO 2 nd GENERATION INSTRUMENTATION – OPTICAL DESIGNS. ESO VLT SECOND GENERATION INSTRUMENTATION Optical designs. ANGRA DOS REIS - BRAZIL November 2003 B.Delabre (ESO). ESO 2 nd GENERATION INSTRUMENTATION – OPTICAL DESIGNS. This presentation will show possible optical

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ESO 2 nd GENERATION INSTRUMENTATION – OPTICAL DESIGNS

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  1. ESO 2nd GENERATION INSTRUMENTATION – OPTICAL DESIGNS ESO VLT SECOND GENERATIONINSTRUMENTATIONOptical designs ANGRA DOS REIS - BRAZIL November 2003 B.Delabre (ESO) ANGRA DOS REIS - BRAZIL

  2. ESO 2nd GENERATION INSTRUMENTATION – OPTICAL DESIGNS This presentation will show possible optical designs for ESO second generation VLT instrumentation. All instruments are still in Phase A studies ANGRA DOS REIS - BRAZIL

  3. ESO 2nd GENERATION INSTRUMENTATION – OPTICAL DESIGNS List of VLT second generation instruments: • HAWK-I (IR imager) • KMOS (multi-objects Integral field spectrograph) • MUSE (visible integral field spectrograph) • X-SHOOTER (Medium resolution echelle spectrograph from 300-1800 nm) • Planet finder (not included in the presentation) ANGRA DOS REIS - BRAZIL

  4. ESO 2nd GENERATION INSTRUMENTATION – OPTICAL DESIGNS HAWK-I Large field Infrared Imager Build by : ESO PI : Alan Moorwood (ESO) ANGRA DOS REIS - BRAZIL

  5. ESO 2nd GENERATION INSTRUMENTATION – OPTICAL DESIGNS – HAWK-I Characteristics • Field of view 8.0 x 8.0 arc min or 8.5 x 8.5 arc min depending of the selected concept • Wavelength range 800 – 2500 nm • Scale 0.117 or 0.125 arc sec/pixel • F/N F/3.8 or F/3.6 • Detector 4k x 4k (18µm pixel) • No spectroscopy available ( by design) ANGRA DOS REIS - BRAZIL

  6. ESO 2nd GENERATION INSTRUMENTATION – OPTICAL DESIGNS – HAWK-I 3 designs are considered : - Compact dioptric design with small filters - Larger dioptric design with large filters - All reflective design with large filters ANGRA DOS REIS - BRAZIL

  7. ESO 2nd GENERATION INSTRUMENTATION – OPTICAL DESIGNS – HAWK-I DESIGN 1 Compact dioptric solution 8.5 x 8.5 arc min field ANGRA DOS REIS - BRAZIL

  8. ESO 2nd GENERATION INSTRUMENTATION – OPTICAL DESIGNS – HAWK-I 1 m ANGRA DOS REIS - BRAZIL

  9. ESO 2nd GENERATION INSTRUMENTATION – OPTICAL DESIGNS – HAWK-I • accessible pupil • possibility to use standard 2 inches filters • image quality comparable to pixel size for the entire field • distortion free • no ghost images • no very high incidence angles on the lenses to avoid extreme sensitivity to element tilts and decentrings, even at the cost of an extra element. • all spherical surfaces. • comfortable back focal distance The thickness and material of the filter must be constant High incidence angles on the filters do not permit an effective use of Narrow band filters ANGRA DOS REIS - BRAZIL

  10. ESO 2nd GENERATION INSTRUMENTATION – OPTICAL DESIGNS – HAWK-I ANGRA DOS REIS - BRAZIL

  11. ESO 2nd GENERATION INSTRUMENTATION – OPTICAL DESIGNS – HAWK-I The cold stop is attached to the filter Pupil aberrations ANGRA DOS REIS - BRAZIL

  12. ESO 2nd GENERATION INSTRUMENTATION – OPTICAL DESIGNS – HAWK-I Spot diagrams Polychromatic 1000-2500nm Box = 1 pixel ANGRA DOS REIS - BRAZIL

  13. ESO 2nd GENERATION INSTRUMENTATION – OPTICAL DESIGNS – HAWK-I Spot diagrams 850 – 1000nm Box = 1 pixel ANGRA DOS REIS - BRAZIL

  14. ESO 2nd GENERATION INSTRUMENTATION – OPTICAL DESIGNS – HAWK-I DESIGN 2 Large dioptric design 8.5 x 8.5 arc min field ANGRA DOS REIS - BRAZIL

  15. ESO 2nd GENERATION INSTRUMENTATION – OPTICAL DESIGNS – HAWK-I This design has the following advantages with respect to the compact design : - Less optical elements (only 5 lenses) - No restriction on filter material and thickness, two filter wheels are accommodated in front of the detector - Cold stop outside the objective - Relaxed tolerances on lens centerings - Narrow band filters can be used ANGRA DOS REIS - BRAZIL

  16. ESO 2nd GENERATION INSTRUMENTATION – OPTICAL DESIGNS – HAWK-I 1.2 m ANGRA DOS REIS - BRAZIL

  17. ESO 2nd GENERATION INSTRUMENTATION – OPTICAL DESIGNS – HAWK-I Spot diagrams Polychromatic 1000-2500nm Box = 1 pixel ANGRA DOS REIS - BRAZIL

  18. ESO 2nd GENERATION INSTRUMENTATION – OPTICAL DESIGNS – HAWK-I Pupil for H band Pupil for K band The cold stop is adjusted for K band, vignetting will occur for J and H Pupil for J band ANGRA DOS REIS - BRAZIL

  19. ESO 2nd GENERATION INSTRUMENTATION – OPTICAL DESIGNS – HAWK-I DESIGN 3 All reflective design 8.0 x 8.0 arc min field ANGRA DOS REIS - BRAZIL

  20. ESO 2nd GENERATION INSTRUMENTATION – OPTICAL DESIGNS – HAWK-I Advantages of this design : - Efficiency (93% without filter) - Relaxed centering tolerances - Achromatic - Problem of refractive indices at cryogenic temperature does not exist Drawbacks of this design : - Large size - Slightly reduced field of view - Distortion is not fully corrected (around 0.002 %) ANGRA DOS REIS - BRAZIL

  21. ESO 2nd GENERATION INSTRUMENTATION – OPTICAL DESIGNS – HAWK-I 2.3 m ANGRA DOS REIS - BRAZIL

  22. ESO 2nd GENERATION INSTRUMENTATION – OPTICAL DESIGNS – HAWK-I Image quality 80% geometrical energy (diameter) Axis 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 arc min 4 arc min 25 μm 25 21 15 17 3 arc min 25 24 20 13 13 2 arc min 25 23 19 13 10 1 arc min 24 22 18 13 10 Axis 21 20 17 13 11 -1 arc min 18 17 15 12 12 -2 arc min 15 14 12 10 13 -3 arc min 11 10 9 10 14 -4 arc min 12 13 14 15 15 ANGRA DOS REIS - BRAZIL

  23. ESO 2nd GENERATION INSTRUMENTATION – OPTICAL DESIGNS – HAWK-I The 3 concepts are represented at the same scale ANGRA DOS REIS - BRAZIL

  24. ESO 2nd GENERATION INSTRUMENTATION – OPTICAL DESIGNS - MUSE MUSE Visible integral field spectrograph Built by external consortiums : Lyon- Cambridge – Durham – Leiden – Oxford – Postdam - Zurich PI : Roland Bacon (Lyon) ANGRA DOS REIS - BRAZIL

  25. ESO 2nd GENERATION INSTRUMENTATION – OPTICAL DESIGNS - MUSE Integral field spectrograph Spectral range : 465 – 930 nm Field of view : 1.0 x 1.0 arc min (low resolution mode) 7.5 x 7.5 arc sec (high resolution mode) Spatial sampling: 0.2 arc sec (low resolution mode) 0.026 arc sec (high resolution mode) Spectral sampling : 0.1 (LR) or 0.0125 (HR) arc sec/pixel Spectrographs : 24 single mode spectrographs equipped with 4K x 4K CCD Resolving power : R=3000 at 700 nm for 2 pixels resolving element Possibility to operate with adaptive optics ANGRA DOS REIS - BRAZIL

  26. ESO 2nd GENERATION INSTRUMENTATION – OPTICAL DESIGNS - MUSE AO module Optical bench 2 x 4 spectrographs 2 x 4 spectrographs 2 x 4 spectrographs 1000 mm ANGRA DOS REIS - BRAZIL

  27. ESO 2nd GENERATION INSTRUMENTATION – OPTICAL DESIGNS - MUSE AO module 2 x 4 spectrographs Adaptor flange Optical bench Calibration 1000 mm ANGRA DOS REIS - BRAZIL

  28. ESO 2nd GENERATION INSTRUMENTATION – OPTICAL DESIGNS - MUSE SPECTROGRAPH RACKS (2 X 4 SPECTROGRAPHS) cryostat Spectrograph Image slicers Spectrograph Spectrograph cryostat Spectrograph Image slicers Spectrograph Spectrograph cryostat Spectrograph Image slicers Spectrograph Spectrograph cryostat Spectrograph Image slicers 400 mm Spectrograph Spectrograph 1000 mm 2100 mm ANGRA DOS REIS - BRAZIL

  29. ESO 2nd GENERATION INSTRUMENTATION – OPTICAL DESIGNS - MUSE The fore optics ANGRA DOS REIS - BRAZIL

  30. ESO 2nd GENERATION INSTRUMENTATION – OPTICAL DESIGNS - MUSE The fore optics consists of : - An optical relay to produce an image of the telescope focus on a field splitter (this optic has 2 magnifications) - An optical derotator - A field splitter which cut the field of view in 24 sub-fields - 24 transfer optics to send the light to the spectrographs ANGRA DOS REIS - BRAZIL

  31. ESO 2nd GENERATION INSTRUMENTATION – OPTICAL DESIGNS - MUSE Derotator Nasmyth Focus 600 mm 1035 mm Optical relay Adaptor flange Field splitter F/25 focus Large field (1.0 x 1.0 arc min) ANGRA DOS REIS - BRAZIL

  32. ESO 2nd GENERATION INSTRUMENTATION – OPTICAL DESIGNS - MUSE Large field Spot diagrams Circle = 0.1 arc sec 0.097 mm ANGRA DOS REIS - BRAZIL

  33. ESO 2nd GENERATION INSTRUMENTATION – OPTICAL DESIGNS - MUSE Derotator Nasmyth focus Exchangeable lenses Optical relay Adaptor Flange F/200 Field splitter Small field (7.5 X 7.5 arc sec) ANGRA DOS REIS - BRAZIL

  34. ESO 2nd GENERATION INSTRUMENTATION – OPTICAL DESIGNS - MUSE Small field Spot diagrams Circle = 0.05 arc sec 0.385 mm ANGRA DOS REIS - BRAZIL

  35. ESO 2nd GENERATION INSTRUMENTATION – OPTICAL DESIGNS - MUSE 203 mm ANGRA DOS REIS - BRAZIL

  36. ESO 2nd GENERATION INSTRUMENTATION – OPTICAL DESIGNS - MUSE Nasmyth Focus Derotator Optical bench 600 mm 1035 mm Adaptive optics Calibration unit Adaptor flange Field splitter F/25 focus Large field ANGRA DOS REIS - BRAZIL

  37. ESO 2nd GENERATION INSTRUMENTATION – OPTICAL DESIGNS - MUSE Field slicer and transfer optics (developed at CRAL by B.Lanz) The 1 x 1 arc min field of view is cut in 24 fields of 20 x 7.5 arc sec A transfer optic is used to send individually each field to an image slicer This optic produces also an anamorphic magnification : F/25 to F/104 (spatial) F/25 to F/208 (spectral) ANGRA DOS REIS - BRAZIL

  38. ESO 2nd GENERATION INSTRUMENTATION – OPTICAL DESIGNS - MUSE The Image slicers developed at CRAL by B.Lanz and F.Henault ANGRA DOS REIS - BRAZIL

  39. ESO 2nd GENERATION INSTRUMENTATION – OPTICAL DESIGNS - MUSE The Spectrographs ANGRA DOS REIS - BRAZIL

  40. ESO 2nd GENERATION INSTRUMENTATION – OPTICAL DESIGNS - MUSE Design guidelines : • A classical design will be too expensive • No glasses like CaF2 or FK54…. can be afforded. Only glasses with a price similar (max x2.5) to BK7 should be used if possible. • The spectrographs should be small to reduce cost, volume and weight • No mechanical functions are permitted (no refocusing and no exchange of dispersive elements) ANGRA DOS REIS - BRAZIL

  41. ESO 2nd GENERATION INSTRUMENTATION – OPTICAL DESIGNS - MUSE Characteristics : • Detector 4K x 4K with 15 microns pixels • Entrance F/N F/4.5 (slit direction) F/9.0 (dispersion) • Output F/N F/2.0 (slit direction) F/4.0 (dispersion) • Flat entrance slit • Entrance pupil 3 m after the slit • Dispersive element : VPH 700 mm-1 • Pupil size 45 x 90 mm • Wavelength range 465 – 930 nm • Estimated transmission around 0.85 without VPH ANGRA DOS REIS - BRAZIL

  42. ESO 2nd GENERATION INSTRUMENTATION – OPTICAL DESIGNS - MUSE • No expensive glasses is equivalent to poor chromatic correction • Chromatism is compensated by a tilt of the field lens and the detector • The VPH is not operating in a perfect parallel beam. It has some contributions to the correction of image quality • No refocusing required for correction of temperature variation (the variation of focus position is 4 µm/°C for the current design) • Exchanges of dispersive elements or spectral ranges are not possible ANGRA DOS REIS - BRAZIL

  43. ESO 2nd GENERATION INSTRUMENTATION – OPTICAL DESIGNS - MUSE 920 mm 920 mm ANGRA DOS REIS - BRAZIL

  44. ESO 2nd GENERATION INSTRUMENTATION – OPTICAL DESIGNS - MUSE ANGRA DOS REIS - BRAZIL

  45. ESO 2nd GENERATION INSTRUMENTATION – OPTICAL DESIGNS - MUSE Boxes are 2 x 2 pixels 540 nm 465 nm ANGRA DOS REIS - BRAZIL

  46. ESO 2nd GENERATION INSTRUMENTATION – OPTICAL DESIGNS - MUSE 698 nm 620 nm ANGRA DOS REIS - BRAZIL

  47. ESO 2nd GENERATION INSTRUMENTATION – OPTICAL DESIGNS - MUSE 775 nm 852 nm ANGRA DOS REIS - BRAZIL

  48. ESO 2nd GENERATION INSTRUMENTATION – OPTICAL DESIGNS - MUSE 930 nm ANGRA DOS REIS - BRAZIL

  49. ESO 2nd GENERATION INSTRUMENTATION – OPTICAL DESIGNS - MUSE Rms spot diameters ANGRA DOS REIS - BRAZIL

  50. ESO 2nd GENERATION INSTRUMENTATION – OPTICAL DESIGNS - MUSE Collimator The collimator is made of 4 lenses in 3 groups The materials are BK7 (3 lenses) and PBH1 (1 lens) The field curvature is not corrected (the correction is done by a cylindrical surface on back side of the cryostat window. ANGRA DOS REIS - BRAZIL

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