Safeguarding Children Safe Children/Safe Staff

1. Safeguarding ChildrenSafe Children/Safe Staff Update for Staff at Prior Heath Infants February 2019 Sue Herbert, Education Safeguarding Consultant 07720 945127

2. Aims • To remind you of your duty to safeguard children, and what to do if you have a concern • To highlight any changes in guidance and policies • To provide some information to help you keep yourselves safe at work

3. Prior Heath Infants “We are a happy friendly school ….we believe in ensuring every child is extended to their full potential …. We are committed to high quality safeguarding practice. We work hard to provide a happy caring environment in which each child is able to value their achievements and those of others and engage fully in the joy of learning” Mrs Ellen McClelland Headteacher

4. Ofsted Report 2007 “Outstanding” upheld 2010 “….excellent teaching and strong leadership ….pupils outstanding personal development and well-being helps them to mature into courteous and confident young people. They show caring attitudes to each other and excellent behaviour. Pupils are extremely well prepared for the future by receiving a very good grounding in basic skills. They develop strong friendships and understand how to help others…pupils are very safe and secure because staff are vigilant…. ” Extracts

5. An Inspection • Reflects a judgement in time • Good inspections have been given to many organisations where serious failings were later found, e.g.Haringey (Baby P), Hillside School (Nigel Leat), Little Ted’s Nursery (Vanessa George) Your last Ofsted inspection awarded outstanding in all areas. It’s important today that you participate, and do the required reading so that all of you are up to date with statutory guidance changes that came in September 2018, and your safeguarding training, to keep children safe and continue to be an Outstanding school

6. Note of Caution • This subject may raise painful memories or associations • This is not a safe time to share personal memories • If you want to, you can talk outside the session to the trainer, or seek confidential advice from the NSPCC Helpline 0808 800 5000, or Stop it Now Helpline if your concern is about child sexual abuse or internet misuse 0808 1000 900

7. 2016 - 2018 • 39% of institutions on Operation Hydrant Database schools • Year to June 2017, 68,699 child sexual offences recorded, up 24% • Child sexual exploitation; Rotherham, Birmingham, Rochdale, Oxford, Bristol, Derby, Telford, Peterborough, Newcastle etc. • 10.07.17 Stonewall School Report : 50% LGBT pupils bullied at school • Mental health of children and young people report NHS Digital 22.11.18: rise in emotional disorders, 8.1% of 5-15 yr olds; 12.8% 5-19 yr olds had at least 1 mental disorder when assessed in 2017 • 19.02.18 Barry Bennell (64) former football coach Manchester City and Crewe Alexandra convicted of 50 counts child sexual abuse including buggery, 12 boys aged 8 to 15 1979-1991: 31 years prison sentence • Abuse in sport, 29.03.18: 2,807referrals to Operation Hydrant, almost a third from the N.E., 849 victim statements, 95% male between 4-20yrs at the time, 300 suspects in 340 Football clubs including all 5 London Premier League Clubs , 23% at professional level. Also rugby, tennis, cricket, martial arts, wrestling, gymnastics, swimming, sailing golf • 19.02.18 Matthew Falder (29) Cambridge graduate lecturer at Birmingham University sentenced to 32 yrs for blackmailing people to rape children and do degrading acts online. 137 charges against 46 people in the UK, USA, Australia etc.. Dark Web use meant a 4 year battle to locate him as source • May 2018 BBC Childhood obesity: 60% more children in last year primary “severely obese” than in their first year • June 2018 ‘Gaming Disorder’ recognised by World Health Organisation • Public Health England report 11.10. 18 found 34.3% yr6 children severely overweight or obese

8. Main points • Don’t rely on someone else to “do the right thing” • Always remember “it could happen here” • Procedures only protect children if individuals listen and report concerns • Hold “respectful uncertainty” in all things • Trust your gut feeling and pass it on to a DSL no matter how small

9. What’s the incidence of abuse in Surrey? • 13,626 referrals were actioned by social care year ending 31.03.18, a 17% increase • 996 children were subject to a CP Plan on 31.03.18, 58% for neglect, 29% emotional abuse, 2% physical, 4% sexual, 7% multiple categories • 928 children were in care in Surrey 31.03.18, 26% placed more than 20 miles outside Surrey • Domestic abuse is the highest recorded violent crime in Surrey. Safe lives charity estimates there are 35,400 victims of DA with 3,300 children living in situations where parents are at high or medium risk of serious harm or suicide • 765 sex offenders were registered in Surrey on 31.04.18 (up from 604, 31.04.16)

10. Keeping Children Safe in Education DfE September 2018 - the changes: Part one: Safeguarding information for all staff Part two: The management of safeguarding, the responsibility of governing bodies and proprietors and management committees Part three: Safer recruitment Part four: Allegations of abuse made against teachers and other staff Part five (NEW) Child on child sexual violence and sexual harassment Annex A is now included in Part one which all adults in school must read, and has NEW content on children and the court system, children with family members in prison, County Lines, domestic abuse, homelessness, HBV additional context, peer on peer abuse, and sexual violence and sexual harassment

11. It’s really important that you read and follow: • Part One of “Keeping children safe in education” September 2018 • Your Code of Conduct/Staff Behaviour Policy • Your Safeguarding Child Protection Policy • Your excellent Behaviour Policy And that you understand the role of the DSL and the required safeguarding response to children who go missing from education ALWAYS share a worry, no matter how small, with the DSLs, and report yourself if they don’t share your concern Don’t be like the staff at Daniel Pelka’s school or those working at the BBC!!!

12. Working Together to Safeguard Children July 2018 Statutory guidance for all organisations and agencies who have functions relating to children, including all local authorities, clinical commissioning groups, police and all schools. The Head, SLT, the Safeguarding Governor, and Deputy DSL should read Chapter 1 Assessing Need and Providing Help, and Chapter 2 up to page 61, in addition to schools statutory guidance Keeping children safe in education.

13. Other New and Updated DfE guidance since Sept 2016 • Children missing education DfESept 2016 • UKCCIS Sexting in schools and colleges Oct 2016 • Child sexual exploitation DfEFeb 2017 • Preventing and tackling bullying DfEJuly 2017 • Sexual violence and sexual harassment between children in schools and colleges Dec 2017 • Searching, screening and confiscation DfE Jan 2018 • Disqualification under the Childcare Act 2006 DfEJuly 2018 • Information sharing HM Government July 2018

14. Sexual violence and sexual harassment between children in schools and colleges DfE Dec 2017 Clarifies which situations are statutorily clear, sets out the need for schools and colleges to teach pupils and staff about safe relationships and respect, how to respond to a report, action to take, the need to formally risk assess the safety and support required for the victim, alleged perpetrator, other children and staff. Unless you hear otherwise from Ofsted, I do not believe you need a separate policy, but do check your Safeguarding /CP policy has a robust Peer on Peer abuse section referencing this guidance

15. Sexual violence and sexual harassment between children in schools and colleges DfE Dec 2017 • It is more likely that girls will be the victims of sexual violence, and sexual harassment will be perpetrated by boys • Two groups most at risk are children with SEND, children who identify as LGBT, or who others perceive to be LGBT even if they are not • For the first time, schools must make it clear that sexual violence and sexual harassment are not acceptable, will never be tolerated, and are not an inevitable part of growing up • Staff should not tolerate or dismiss either as “banter”, “part of growing up”, “just having a laugh” or “boys being boys” • Behaviours such as grabbing bottoms, breasts and genitalia should be challenged or they risk being normalised

16. Sexual violence and sexual harassment between children in schools and colleges DfE Dec 2017 Activity 1: Discussion point • What strategies do you use when you hear homophobic language by pupils? • What other situations might arise in a nursery/ infant school? • Has “transitioning” been raised yet for any child?

17. Information Sharing DfE 2018 Makes it very clear that the GDPR General Data Protection Act 2018 and the Data protection Act 2018 do not prevent, or limit, the sharing of information for the purposes of keeping children and young people safe • Information can be shared legally without consent, if a practitioner is unable to, cannot be reasonably expected to gain consent from the individual, or to gain consent could place a child at risk • Relevant personal information can be shared lawfully if it is to keep a child or individual at risk safe from neglect or physical, emotional or mental harm, or if it is protecting their physical, mental, or emotional well-being.

18. Disqualification under the Childcare Act 2006 DfE July 2018 • Childcare Disqualification Requirements – Primary school headteachers, nursery staff and others working with under 8’s – “Disqualified by association” has been removedat last! July 2018, and now as before only applies to work in domestic settings, eg childminding, foster care • “schools should not ask their staff questions about cautions or convictions of someone living or working in their household. Schools should review their staffing policies and safer recruitment procedures, and make changes accordingly”

19. Disqualification under the Childcare Act 2006 DfE July 2018 Schools must • ensure that they are not knowingly employing a person who is disqualified under the 2018 regulations but they must” act proportionately and minimise wherever possible the intrusion into the private lives of their staff” • Create the right culture and environment so that staff feel comfortable, where it is appropriate, to discuss matter outside of work, which may have implications for the safeguarding of children in the workplace • Keep a record of those staff who are employed to work in, or manage relevant childcare provision and record the date on which the information about disqualification was provided

20. What is Abuse ? A form of maltreatment of a child. Somebody may abuse or neglect a child • by inflicting harm, or • failing to act to prevent harm. Children may be abused in a family or in an institutional or community setting; by those known to them or, more rarely, by others. Abuse can take place wholly online, or technology may be used to facilitate offline abuse. Children may be abused by an adult or adults or by another child or children

21. Categories of Abuse & Neglect(Taken from Working Together to Safeguard Children 2018 and Keeping Children Safe in Education 2018) • PPHYSICAL • EEMOTIONAL • NNEGLECT • S SEXUAL (now includes “the sexual abuse of children by other children is a specific safeguarding issue in education”) Read the definitions in your copy of Part One Keeping children safe in education

22. Activity 2: Recognising Abuse • List the signs and behaviours in a child or young person that may indicate they are experiencing emotional abuse or neglect. • In addition consider any signs or behaviours that parents/carers may display that would indicate a child or young person may be experiencing abuse or neglect.

23. Health Basic Care Education Ensuring Safety Emotional & Behavioural Development Emotional Warmth CHILD Safeguarding and promoting welfare Stimulation Identity Family & Social Relationships Guidance & Boundaries Selfcare Skills Stability

24. If you’re concerned about a child • In school, report to one of your Designated Safeguarding Leads DSLs Ellen McClelland, or her Deputy Sara Jones, as soon as you can • In the community, refer the child yourself to the MASH (if not Surrey, they will give you the correct number) 0300 470 9100 between 9.00-5.00pm, or if urgent telephone the police

25. Early Help • Higher social care thresholds and paucity of mental health and preventative services mean you are likely to be providing more support yourselves • There is support and advice on Early Help Assessments from Surrey County Council website on the Family Information Service pages, or for your area call 01483 519722 • Keep good records, shared with parents • Where parents refuse to engage in early help plans, that should precipitate a consultation with social care in itself

26. Look out especially for • Bullying • Emotional abuse and neglect • E Safety issues • Anxiety and depression • Obesity If you’re concerned about care at home, are there even younger siblings?

27. Child sexual abuse is under reported Children’s Commissioner report Protecting Children from Harm 24.11.15 • Only 1 in 8 children being sexually abused is identified by a professional • It often takes years to disclose sexual abuse, and the telling is often indirect, victims may fear the breakdown of the family, and feel shame at what has happened • A teacher is the third most likely person to be told after mother, and friend • Most victims come to attention age 12, most being abused at age 9 • 66% takes place within the family or its trusted circle • “proactive enquiry” is vital. Professionals should ask children questions to follow up on concerns and suspicions, it not only provides an opportunity for children to tell, but also sends a message that they are willing and able to listen to the disclosure • Children need to be equipped in school to understand healthy and safe relationships, and that they can tell • Teachers need training and support in this area to be more confident

28. Safeguarding (Child Protection) Policy • Remember, children rarely tell, be alert to peer gossip and behavioural signs • Never promise confidentiality • Make a full record, sign and date, and share with DSL asap • If you’re concerned about a colleague, discuss with the Headteacher, or Deputy Head, or the Chair of Governros if your concern is with the Head

29. Learning Lessons from nearly 50 years of Serious Case Reviews • Almost two thirds featured domestic violence • Parental mental ill health was identified in 60% of cases • Parental substance mis-use was evident in 42% of cases • At least one of these characteristics was present in the lives of families subject to a Serious Case Review and is a recurring theme. • Neglect was a feature in at least 60% of SCRs • We must believe and act on what’s in front of our eyes and beware the natural tendency to seek the most comfortable explanation which avoids conflict with parents • When working with parents always hold “respectful uncertainty” (Lord Laming, Baby P Serious Case Review)

30. Common Problems in Professional Practice • Better information sharing, both between and within agencies, was central to many of the recommendations. This included a shared record for children who receive services from a variety of agencies • Believing unrealistic explanations for injury and not questioning or challenging explanations with sufficient curiosity • Remaining disconnected with the child – not paying enough attention to the child's emotional state or development and not exploring what its like for the child living in the family or beyond the school gate • Seeing the disability and not the child and rationalising the parents' behaviour towards the child as understandable

31. Activity 3: Reporting concerns In the end, it’s the jigsaw of concerns compiled by a number of different adults involved with a child and their family which identifies the likelihood of significant harm In school, what would help you report low level concerns to the DSL?

32. Daniel Pelka 15.07.07-3.03.12 • Murdered by mother and step father, for at least 6 months he had been starved, assaulted, neglected and abused • Mother and stepfather convicted August 2013 and received 30 years imprisonment each • SCR said he was “invisible” as a needy child against the backdrop of his mother’s controlling behaviour • Poor language skills and isolated situation meant that professionals often failed to maintain “child focus” in their interventions • Professionals needed to “think the unthinkable” and believe and act on what they saw in front of them, rather than accept parental versions of what was happening at home without robust challenge

33. Failures by the school • No clear protocols to enable the compilation of information and concerns, two books used but unclear records and no coordination • Injuries noted three times, including neck and facial bruising, but not put together with the obsession to seek food, poor growth and loss of weight • School spoke to mother and GP. No referral to social care • This was a small school, with a false sense of security that they shared concerns and were doing more than they actually were

34. Activity 4: Parents and acrimonious separation • Many of us have probably been in this position ourselves, and certainly known other friends or family members affected • Re-formed and separated family arrangements are now commonplace • With the best will in the world, children suffer when tensions rise • How should you respond where you suspect this is happening? • What do you need to do if asked to bar a parent from access to their child at school? Discuss

35. Surrey Serious case Review U and V May 2013 Case of altruistic filicide and spouse revenge filicide • Child U almost 8 and V 6 years old when they were stabbed by their father who then killed himself. Found in a car on a bridleway late September 2012 • Parents recently separated • Mother had shown the HT what she said was a court order denying contact, but in fact it was only an application Lesson for professionals • Read “orders” in detail to check legitimacy • Where a parent is advised to seek support with an appropriate agency for domestic violence, check whether they did so, and support them to make a referral to social care, or make one yourself in the interests of safeguarding the children

36. Children missing education There is still no ability for agencies to see a child being home educated, so if parents remove a child to home educate and you already have concerns you MUST make a referral to Children’s social care Dylan Seabridge died aged 8 in Pembrokeshire 2011 after collapsing with “growing pains.” He had scurvy. SCR 2016 reported: • Home educated in a remote farmhouse • Mother suffered mental health issues • Mother was a secondary IT teacher until 2009 • Employment Tribunal 2010 agreed her dismissal but Headteacher and Lawyer reported their concerns to social care about the safety of two children she was home educating • Education officials visited but had no legal power to see Dylan • Criminal neglect charges dropped, mother too ill, not in Public Interest to charge father

37. Serious Case Review 2017 Poppy Widdinson, aged 4, Grimsby: disguised compliance • Died following a cardiac arrest and a blow to the head after being fed heroin, methadone, diazapam, ketamine for months • Poppy had been returned to her mother, referrals of concern by family members not followed up sufficiently • History of domestic violence and drug abuse by mother and her partner, both jailed for 13 years 19.01.17 • Her attendance at nursery had been “patchy”, Poppy’s mother had been brought into nursery once to discuss this, failed a second meeting, and no further opportunity was made before Poppy died • Ofsted had found a tendency in NE Lincolnshire to manage high threshold cases under CIN rather than CP procedures All children’s services are under severe pressure, the DSL should use the Escalation Policy wherever concerns remain

38. Bullying Refers to deliberate hurtful behaviour, repeated over time A victim may be • Someone new to class • Different in appearance, speech or background • Suffer low self esteem Being “different”, or having a disability makes a person more likely to suffer abuse, or bullying Use of social media has increased the hurt, possibly increased childhood anxiety, and even driven some to suicide. The role of bystander needs to be explored with children, will they bully by omission or help the victim?

39. E Safety • Babies are given smartphones and tablets to play with • 1% 3-4 year olds have their own smartphone, 21% their own tablet 48% use YouTube, of which 52% like cartoons most • 5% children 5-7 have their own smartphone, 35% their own tablet. 66% play games online. 79% go online for around 9 hours a week. 71% use YouTube, of which 30% say cartoons are their favourite thing, 18% funny or prank videos. 3% have a social media profile • 39% 8-11s have their own smartphone, 52% their own tablet, 81% use YouTube of which 23% say funny or prank videos are their favourite thing to watch, 18% music videos. 23% have a social media profile • 81% 8-11s play games for around 10 hrs a week, boys in particular are playing games online with strangers • Many primary aged children have social networking accounts, girls especially using Instagram, Snapchat and Tumblir • 17% of 8-11 year olds say they’ve seen something online in the past year that was worrying or offensive, 95% say they would tell someone, usually a family member Figures from Ofcom “Children and Parents Media use and Attitude Report” Nov 2017 published April 2018

40. Grooming The Netclean 2018 report, considering responses from 272 law enforcement respondents from 30 countries including the UK, found: • 16.4% of officers had seen children groomed online under 5yrs old • 26.9% had seen children groomed online aged 5-7 yrs • 58.2% had seen children in their grooming online investigations of 8-10 yrs • 70.4% had seen children 11-13 years Most grooming and extortion comes from social media apps, and tends to start out as grooming, but turn nasty when the child tries to stop the communication. Extortion cases are more common between ages 11 and 16 yrs

41. E Safety Teachers and parents need to: • take an interest in the child’s online world, ask them about what they’ve seen, which sites they’ve visited • educate children to become critical users, and to question whether information they receive from others is always true; use the Smart Rules • Parents need to use parental controls and monitoring on devices • Encourage children that its OK to make mistakes when you’re growing up: they may have said things or looked at things they are embarrassed about, but it’s vital they know they can tell their parent, or you, if they become uncomfortable about anything online • E safety needs to be taught by all staff across the curriculum, with acceptable use policy sign up for all • Childnet, Thinkuknow, CEOP, have excellent video clips and materials

42. Activity 5 What can we do, from the earliest age, to help parents help their children: • Have a life offline as well as online • Develop empathy, in order to discriminate where “pranks” may not be funny • Understand about fake news • Be safe from sexual predators

43. Viewing ‘legal’ pornography online Is very risky. Sexualised images of anyone under 18 are illegal in this country, yet adult porn sites are hosted worldwide where those restrictions may not apply. Not all those arrested are paedophiles or hebephiles but those working with children will lose their jobs, become subject to sex offender registration, and their partners wives and children will be severely affected. Canadian research by Michael Seto suggests 1 in 100 men may be attracted to children, another 1 in a 100 to early teens. Adam Higgins HMI aged 48, previously headteacher of two primary schools, jailed July 2015 at Chelmsford Crown Court for two counts ‘making’ indecent images, one count inciting a boy aged 13-15 to engage in sexual activity online. Indefinite sex offender registration and a sexual harm prevention order SHPO

44. Netclean report 2018 This year has identified 2 different groups of offenders who consume child sexual abuse material and a widening gap between them: • The majority are averagely technically astute and mainly consume readily available material. They don’t show any sophistication when they operate on the internet, don’t conform to any stereotype, and most are in employment. Employers and partners are key to identifying them • The smaller group are more sophisticated and very technologically astute. They are probably organised into groups and use encryption and other technologies to avoid detection. Some might use crypto currencies to buy and sell child sexual abuse material Research based on 272 law enforcement officers in 30 countries, 54.4% USA, 12.1% UK and many others

45. Netclean report 2018 Stages of development of accessing child abuse images online: • First, offenders used their credit cards to buy photos from websites, and could be caught by tracking payments • Chatrooms and social media enabled adults and young people to interact in large numbers online. Grooming via social sites emerged, to meet children offline for sexual activity. As digital camera and photo sharing capabilities improved, there was an increase in solicitation of CSAM (child sexual abuse material) directly from children and young people. • RIGHT NOW self-generated CSAM is live streamed, requiring law enforcers to consider the protection of victim children in real time, while offenders are using end to end encryption, darknet tools and crypto currencies to hide their activities • The next challenge is what CSEA will look like in emerging virtual and augmented reality, and what artificial intelligence may mean for efforts to combat CSAM

46. Stop it now UK “The Lucy Faithfull Foundation is a UK charity which runs the only helpline in the UK for people who have concerns about negative aspects of their sexuality” (Netclean 2018) The Helpline Stop it now UK on 0808 1000 900 offers confidential support and advice to any adult worried about child sexual abuse, their own behaviour, their online activity. The website provides advice too. UK police forces give our number to adults they arrest and their partners, but we can also offer advice confidentially to those NOT yet arrested, who want to change their behaviour

47. SAFEGUARDING CHILDREN Safe processes Safe environment Safe students Safe staff Safe information Secure ethos

48. Essential Safe Practice • Rewards and favouritism • Dress and appearance • Conduct in private life • Social contact • Electronic communication • Sexual contact • Physical touch • Infatuations • Checking your professional judgement

49. Lessons from school allegations • Safe practice training for all including support staff and advice that relationships with pupils and parents must be professional at all times • Give strong advice to all not to give personal contact details to pupils, to take care with professional boundaries and language e.g. when using text messaging and social networking, and never accept pupils or parents as “friends” on Facebook or other sites. (If parents are already friends or relatives, that needs to be reported to the Headtaecher) • Encourage a culture where staff can say if they are under particular pressure, support and challenge each other, report concerns and whistleblow where necessary • The Headteacher should use the Surrey LADO for consultation for all staff child protection allegations 0300 200 1004

50. Checklist for individuals* • Are my actions fair, reasonable, warranted, proportionate, measured, safe and applied equitably? • From whom should I seek agreement? What should I record? Who must I tell? • What would be the expected professional behaviour in these circumstances? • What about my position of trust, am I a role model in this situation? • Do I understand which actions could lead to criminal and/or disciplinary action? * where guidance is unclear or non-existent