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İDB 408 LINGUISTIC PHILOSOPHY

Delve into the origins and topics of philosophy, its connection to linguistics, differences from science, and the analytical vs. continental approaches. Discover the role of language in philosophical methodology and the pivotal questions it poses. Uncover the relationship between philosophy and science, linguistic studies based on philosophical ideas, and the insightful nuances of analytic philosophy. Tap into the essence of philosophy and its impact on linguistic studies.

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İDB 408 LINGUISTIC PHILOSOPHY

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  1. İDB 408 LINGUISTIC PHILOSOPHY 2010/2011 SpringTerm Instructor: Dr. Filiz Ç. Yıldırım

  2. What is Philosophy? • Philosophy : FromGreekterms Phileo : “I amsearching”, and Sophia: “Knowledge, wisdom” Phileosophia: “Thesearchforwisdom” • Philosophy is a criticalway of thinking: Questioning on previouslyobtainedinformation • Philosophyprovidesessentialknowledgeforreasoning on almosteverydiscussiontopic

  3. Emergence of Philosophy • Humanbeings are curious about their existence in theuniverse. • They ask questionsabouttheuniverseandtheposition of entities in it.

  4. Topics of PhilosophicalThought • What is thetruth? Why do we define s.t. as trueorfalse? → analytic/logicalphilosophy • Is theexistence of knowledgepossible? How do weknow? What is thesource of trueknowledge? → epistemologicphilosophy • Aretheredifferencesbetweenwrongandrightbehaviours? How do wedecidewhether a behaviour is wrongorright? What is thesource of morality? → ethicalphilosophy

  5. Topics of PhilosophicalThought • What is reality? What is thenature of realthings? Arethereentitieswhichexistindependently of ourperception? Whataretheconcepts of time andspace? What is thenature of thought? What is to be an individual? → metaphysicalphilosophy • How can we define ‘beauty’? Whatarethedifferencesbetweenbeautifulthings? Is thenotion of ‘beauty’ relative? Arethereanyboundaries of ‘beauty’? → aestheticalphilosophy

  6. Topics of PhilosophicalThought • What is religion? DoesGodreallyexist? Is God an assumptionarisingfromthefears of people? → teologicalphilosophy • Whatkinds of relationsaretherebetweenentities, time andspace?

  7. DifferencesbetweenPhilosophyandScience • Theirresearchtopicsmaydiffer: • Philosophyconsiderssupernaturalelements, but sciencedoes not. • Theirmethodsaredifferent: • Philosophybasesitsconclusions on logicalanalyses, but sciencebasesthem on facts. • Philosophytakesall of theaspects of an entityintoconsideration, but scienceconsidersonlythepartswhicharerelatedtothestudysubject.

  8. DifferencesbetweenPhilosophyandScience • Philosophybringsaboutsubjectiveconclusions, but sciencetheobjectiveones. • Sciencereachestodefiniteresults, but philosophyreachestoindefiniteresults. • Philosophicalknowledgeseekstofindthecore of an entity, but sciences do not takethisintoconsideration. • Philosophicalknowledge is common; it coversvariousfactsfromthesametype. But scienceconductsstudies on separatefacts.

  9. Philosophy-LinguisticsConnection • Anyonewho is interested in linguisticswillcomeacrossinformationoriginatingfromphilosophy: • General philosophicalissues, conceptsandterms • Ideasoriginatingfromseperateindividualsorschools of thought

  10. Philosophy-LinguisticsConnection • It is not surprisingtofindphilosophy in linguistics: • Linguistics has considered as a seperatefield of studyforthelasthundredyears. • Thebasis of present-daylinguisticstudies is groundedfromthephilosophicalideaswhichdatefromdecadesago. • Thebasicquestionsaboutlanguagewereoriginallyaskedbyphilosophers.

  11. Philosophy-LinguisticsConnection • Thesephilosophy-basedquestionswereabout; • What language is, and • Whatconstitutesthenature of languageandmeaning. • Everyscholarwhoseeslanguage as thebasis of humancommunicationwillencounterthementionedquestionsaboutlanguage.

  12. Philosophy-LinguisticsConnection • Language is an importanttoolfor a philosopher. • Thediscussions on philosophical methodologywasaboutlanguageitself in analyticphilosophy: Thiswascalled as Meta-philosophy.

  13. AnalyticPhilosophy • There had been a greatdeal of development on analyticphilosophyandlinguisticsduring 20th century. • AnalyticPhilosophy: an approachtothesubjectsandproblems of philosophywhichrelies on detailedanalysis: • Complexnotionsarebrokendownintosmallercomponents. So, a betterunderstandingoccurs.

  14. AnalyticPhilosophy • Earlyanalyticphilosophywasconcernedwithpropositions (Frege&Russell): • Linguisticturn has begun. • Theemergence of ‘linguisticphilosophy’ (Strawson&Austin)

  15. ContinentalPhilosophy • Thepresent-dayliterarycriticismwasintroduced. • Rhetoricandargument had beendebated on (Foucault, Lyotard&Derrida) • The idea of a fixed, certainmeaning is rejected. • Interpretationandnegotiation on language, • Theemergence of criticaltheories

  16. TheAnalyticApproachandThePresent-dayLinguistics • Naturallanguage is an interestingandimportantstudysubject in itsownright: • Describingnaturallanguages • Onlyassumptions can be made on naturallanguages: • Generalisationswill be controversial, • Manydifferingideasandopposingtheories

  17. NaturalLanguage • An analyticapproachdividesnaturallanguage in threeparts: • Phonological • Semantic • Syntactic • Totallyseperateandindependentfromeachother × constitutethegrammar of thelanguage

  18. GrammaticalRules • Grammar is generative • Twotypes of grammaticalrules: • Generativerules: deepstructures, semantics (logicalfrom) • Transformationalrules: surfacestructures, structureandwordorder

  19. Whatcomesnext? • Similarideas in philosophy (Russell & Wittgenstein) • Thecontribution of philosophicalthinkingtothecurrentideasaboutthegrammar of naturallanguage

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