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Exploring Ecology: Understanding the Biosphere and Biomes

Dive into the study of organisms and their environment, from individual organisms to ecosystems, covering biotic and abiotic factors, habitats, climate zones, and major terrestrial ecosystems worldwide.

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Exploring Ecology: Understanding the Biosphere and Biomes

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  1. CH 34 & 35 Ecology

  2. 34.1 The Biosphere is the Global Ecosystem • Ecology = study of organisms and their environment • Biotic Factors = living components of ecosystem • Examples… • Abiotic Factors = nonliving components of ecosystem • Examples…

  3. 34.1 5 Levels of Study • Individual Organisms • Examples

  4. 34.1 5 Levels of Study • Populations = group of same species living in the same area • Examples

  5. 34.1 5 Levels of Study • Communities = all of the organisms living in the same area • Examples

  6. 34.1 5 Levels of Study • Ecosystems = abiotic plus biotic factors • Examples

  7. 34.1 5 Levels of Study • Biosphere = sum of all ecosystems

  8. 34.1 Patchiness • Uneven distribution of factors creates habitats • Habitat = specific environment in which organisms live • Examples • Forests • Marshes • Ponds

  9. 34.1 Key Abiotic Factors • Sunlight • Water • Temperature • Soil • Wind • Severe Disturbances

  10. 34.1 Concept Check Questions • 1. Draw a diagram showing the relationship among the five levels of ecological study.

  11. 1. Biosphere Ecosystem Community Population Organism

  12. 34.1 Concept Check Questions • 2. Describe what is meant by the "patchiness" of the environment.

  13. 34.1 Concept Check Questions • 3. Explain the importance of sunlight as an abiotic factor in terrestrial ecosystems. • Controls: • Temperature • Humidity • Photosynthesis rates • Etc.

  14. 34.1 Concept Check Questions • 4. Define biotic and abiotic factors and give an example of each for a particular ecosystem. • Biotic- living factor • Grass, bacteria, squirrel, tree • Abiotic – nonliving factor • Rock, water, air

  15. 34.1 Concept Check Questions • 5. Explain why it is more accurate to define the biosphere as the global ecosystem than as the global community. • The biosphere includes abiotic as well as biotic features… therefore the term ecosystem is more appropriate.

  16. 34.2 Climate determines patterns in the biosphere • Sun’s rays produce 3 zones: • Arctic • Temperate • Tropic

  17. 34.2 • Difference in temperatures produces winds… adding to effect

  18. 34.2 • Local Climate = daily weather for a small area (Sycamore vs. Chicago) • Can be different due to… • Lake Michigan • Mississipi River • Valley • Microclimate = differences within area • Due to shade, buildings, above/below ground

  19. Concept Check 34.2 1. Explain how the uneven heating of Earth's surface creates different temperature zones.2. How do surface currents affect climate patterns?3. Why might a town located on a large lake be cooler in the summer than a town 100 kilometers away from the lake?4. Give an example of a microclimate

  20. 34.3 • Biome = major type of terrestrial ecosystem that covers a large area of land

  21. Major Biomes • tropical rain forest • savanna • desert • chaparral • temperate grassland • temperate deciduous forest • coniferous forest • tundra

  22. Tropical Rainforest • Warm temps • Up to 350 cm of precipitation/yr • Diverse life forms • Tall trees • Poor soil quality

  23. Savanna • Grassland with scattered shrubs and trees • Wet and dry seasons • Mainly warm

  24. Desert • Less than 30cm of precip/yr • Hot days/cold nights • Can be all cold

  25. Chaparral • Along coasts • Evergreen shrubs • Wet winters • hot dry summers

  26. Temperate Grassland • Warm summers • Cold winters • Occasional fires

  27. Deciduous Forest • Significant precipitation • Trees drop leaves each year • Warm summers, cold winters

  28. Coniferous Forest • Dry and cold • Evergreens • Trees do NOT drop leaves • AKA tiaga

  29. Tundra • Permafrost • Plants are low and shrubby • Alpine or arctic • Low light

  30. Concept Check 34.3 • 1.What factors determine the type of biome in an area?2. Compare and contrast tropical rain forests, temperate deciduous forests, and coniferous forests.3. Give an example of how a desert organism has adapted to the abiotic conditions there.

  31. Climate (temperature & precipitation) and Latitude

  32. 34.4

  33. Concept Check 34.4 1. Describe the abiotic factors that affect organisms in ponds, streams, and estuaries.2. Compare and contrast the intertidal zone, neritic zone, and oceanic zone.3. Discuss sunlight as an abiotic factor in coral reefs and vent communities.

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