Literary Movements: Postmodernism vs. Modernism Comparison

1. DO NOW Walk around the classroom, and read the prose analysis essays. List the pros and cons on each sheet.

2. Literary Movements Postmodernism (1960-?) Modernism (1900-1960) Realism & Naturalism (1850-1900) Romanticism (1800-1870) A literary movement is a trend in writing that holds similar characteristics/themes

3. Post Modernism Comparison Modernism Master Narrative & Grand Theories of Life Faith in social and cultural unity, hierarchies of social-class and ethnic/national values Belief in technology • Local/contingent Narratives & Theories • Social and cultural pluralism, disunity, unclear bases for social/national /ethnic unity. • Questioning technology

4. Postmodernism Modernism Sense of unified self;  "individualism“ Idea of "the family" as central unit of social order: model of the middle-class, nuclear family. Order • Sense of fragmentation and decentered self;  multiple, conflicting identities. • Alternative family units, alternatives to middle-class marriage model, multiple identities for couplings and childraising • Fragmentation

5. Why? Modernism Postmodernism • Rise of Automation= Man conquering God! • Cars! • Phones! • Flight! • World Wars = Good v. Evil • Man was ultimate evil, not a devil • So….Man could be Good • Civil Rights Movement = New Voices Heard • Rise of Globalization = New Understanding of the “other”

6. What movement does Bluest Eye most fit?

7. Comparison Romanticism Realism/Naturalism • the idea of nature as a powerful spiritual force • the descriptions of the countryside • a constant, elevated emotional level and passion • a desire to rise above the limitations of ordinary human existence • Reality closely detailed, even at the expense of a well-made plot • Character is more important than action with complex ethical choices as subject. • Class is important

8. (Comparison cont.) Romanticism Realism/Naturalism • a strong interest in death • a portrayal of opposites, including escape and pursuit, calmness and turbulence, upper and lower classes, and suffering and peace. • isolation, both emotional and geographical • elements of the supernatural • Diction is natural vernacular, not romanticized. • Objective POV preferred • Realistic novels avoid the sensational, fantastic, and dramatic elements

9. Why? Romanticim Realism/Naturalism • Industrial Revolution in Europe = fear of machines/change • Rise of cities = renewed focus on the sublimity of nature • Reaction “Rationalism” = stress strong emotion as the source of beauty, art, and knowledge. • After the Civil War = Southern “Romantic” Aristocracy was NOT cool • Establishment of Urbanization and Industrialization = awareness of class and poverty

10. Where do our short stories fit? • “A & P” • “Interpreter of Maladies” • “Hills Like White Elephants” • “The Story of an Hour” • “The Destructors” • Modernism • Post- Modernism • Realism • Realism • Post-Modernism

11. And… • “Young Goodman Brown” • “Miss Brill” • “Welding with Children” • “Everyday Use” • “Civil War” • Romanticim • Realism • PostModernism • Postmodernism • Postmodernism

12. It doesn’t all fit….Or does it? • “Gilded Six-Bits” (1933) • “A Jury of Her Peers” (1918) • Not modernism…. but Harlem Renaissance • Not modernism… but after the suffragist movement

13. Wuthering Heights: Romanticism

14. syntactic permutation Sentences that are extraordinarily complex and involved. Often difficult for a reader to follow. “He had the hypocrisy to represent a mourner: and previous to following with Hareton, he lifted the unfortunate child on to the table and muttered, with peculiar gusto, 'Now, my bonny lad, you are mine! And we'll see if one tree won't grow as crooked as another, with the same wind to twist it!‘”

15. Homework Read Chpts 1-2

16. Do Now: Prose Analysis Essay! Homework: Read Chpts 3-4

17. Do Now: Quiz Review the first two pages of the novel, and then answer: A. Who is speaking, and to whom does he speak? B. What do we know about the relationship between the two men? C. When the narrator says “I have just returned from a visit to my landlord,” to where has he returned? And from where?

18. Characters Who’s Who? Who’s Where? Who’s in Charge?”

19. Groups Group 1 Group 2-6 • Examine the two locations • Thrushcross Grange • Wuthering Heights • Lockwood • Heathcliff • Joseph • Mrs. Heathcliff • Hareton Earnshaw

20. Thrushcross Grange Wuthering Heights

21. Homework As you read, identify how characters move & change power, and what social restraints affect them. Chpt 5-6

22. Industrial Revolution & Social Class

23. Emily Brontëwrote Wuthering Heights… circa 1847. during a time when capitalism and the Industrial Revolution were the dominant forces in the British economy and society.

24. Social Changes... • led to violence – Groups opposed to the growing industrialization of England, such as the Luddites, engaged in violent riots, destroying wool and cotton mills.

25. Social Changes... • affected concepts of “wealth” – While wealth had traditionally been measured by land ownership, the eighteenth century had begun a trend toward a cash-based economy.

26. Social Changes... • created a middle class – The Industrial Revolution created a middle class that was in many ways more economically powerful than its landowning superiors (gentry). • caused roles of social classes to waver – The power of yeomen, or the respectable farming class, as well as the traditional power-holding gentry was challenged by the newly wealthy capitalists.

27. Social Changes... Each of these classes is represented in the novel by various characters. • Hareton is a member of the respectable farming class • the Lintons are members of the gentry • Heathcliff makes his fortune (somewhat mysteriously) as a capitalist

28. Why does this matter? • The changing notion of a gentleman and the shifting relationship between the classes are found in Wuthering Heights when a gentry member marries a new capitalist, a union that would never have occurred if not for the changing status of the capitalists.

29. Why does this matter? • As the economic power of the new capitalists grew, so did their demand for political power. With the increase in political power came the movement for social acceptance. • Wealthy industrialists challenged the traditional definition of a gentleman and claimed the right to be called gentleman by right of birth, but he also needed to possess an upstanding moral character.

30. Are Dates Important? • 1757: the year of Hindley’s Birth • Early start of the Seven Years War involving France and England, fought in the colonies and Europe • 1803: the year of Heathcliff’s Death • The Colonies have become a free nation… • England declares war on France again… • Ireland is rebelling…

31. Plot Lines Assignment • Mark the events and dates for each character • Ex. 1801—Lockwood meets with Heathcliff • If you see a date, research what was going on in England/the World at that date • 1801—United Kingdom is formed with Ireland

32. Do Now Anticipation Guide

33. Themes • FAMILY HISTORY AND SIBLING RIVALRY • ROMANTIC OR ILL-FATED LOVE • REVENGE • NATURE VERSUS CIVILIZATION

34. Moor: a tract of open uncultivated upland; a heath

35. Homework Read Chpts 7-8 Begin tracking themes in the novel

36. Do Now: Quiz After Author’s Presentation: What elements from Bronte’s life are apparent in the novel?

37. Do Now On the board, write who narrates each chapter so far

38. Wuthering Heights: The Narrators Mr. Lockwood Ellen (Nelly) Dean

39. Wuthering Heights: The Narrators

40. Who else do you wish you heard from? What is the most interesting part of the story so far?

41. Ghost Chapter Competition You may choose any character in the story. You may choose any event up to the end of chapter 14. Ghost Chapter is due next Monday—along with reading chpts 9-14.