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-Atomic View of Dielectrics -Electric Dipole in an Electric Field -Partially Filled Capacitors

This article explores the atomic view of dielectrics, focusing on the behavior of electric dipoles in the presence of an external electric field. Topics covered include the random orientation of molecules, partial alignment, forces acting on the dipole, electric dipole moment, work required to rotate the dipole, and the polarization of polar and nonpolar dielectrics. The text language is English.

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-Atomic View of Dielectrics -Electric Dipole in an Electric Field -Partially Filled Capacitors

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  1. -Atomic View of Dielectrics -Electric Dipole in an Electric Field-Partially Filled Capacitors AP Physics C Mrs. Coyle

  2. Atomic View of Dielectrics: The molecules of the dielectric are modeled as dipoles No External E-Field Random orientation of molecules External E-Field Partial Alignment of Molecules

  3. Force Acting by a Uniform External Field on the Dipole 2a • Note: E is not the field produced by the dipole • The force acting on each charge is F = Eq • The net force on the dipole is zero • The forces produce a net torque on the dipole

  4. Electric Dipole Moment, p • The electric dipole moment (p) is a vector directed along the line joining the charges from –q to +q , • A dipole has two equal but opposite sign charges • Assume the distance between the charges is 2a

  5. Work Required to Rotate the Dipole will result in an Increase in the Potential Energy of the Dipole-External Field System

  6. An external field can polarize the dielectric whether the molecules are polar or nonpolar • The charged edges of the dielectric act as a second pair of plates producing an induced electric field in the direction opposite the original electric field

  7. The degree of alignment of the molecules with the field depends on temperature and the magnitude of the field. Generally: • the alignment increases with increasing field strength • the alignment increases with decreasing temperature

  8. Non Polar Dielectrics • The electric field produces some charge separation • This produces an induced dipole moment • The effect is then the same as if the molecules were polar

  9. Induced Charge and Field • The electric field due to the plates is directed to the right and it polarizes the dielectric • The net effect on the dielectric is an induced surface charge that results in an induced electric field • If the dielectric were replaced with a conductor, the net field between the plates would be zero

  10. Geometry of Some Capacitors

  11. What is the capacitance in terms of Co? Hint: Two capacitors in series. Ans: Example – Partially Filled Capacitor +Q d A -Q

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