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Particle Physics

Particle Physics. Part 1 Review: Fundamental forces and particles Feynman diagrams Experimental QCD Accelerators and Detectors Electroweak Theory Part 2 Experimental Electroweak Higgs searches Top Quark Heavy Flavour physics Neutrinos Beyond the Standard Model.

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Particle Physics

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  1. Particle Physics • Part 1 • Review: Fundamental forces and particles • Feynman diagrams • Experimental QCD • Accelerators and Detectors • Electroweak Theory • Part 2 • Experimental Electroweak • Higgs searches • Top Quark • Heavy Flavour physics • Neutrinos • Beyond the Standard Model http://ppewww.ph.gla.ac.uk/~parkes/teaching/PP/PP.html Chris Parkes & Rick StDenis

  2. Revision of Fundamental Particles & Forces • Standard Model Fermions & Bosons • Standard Model Structure • Common Mesons & Baryons • Natural units

  3. Particle Physics Aim: Understand the fundamental particles and forces of nature. Tools: Particle colliders operating at the highest energies achievable. It involves the biggest, most complicated experiments in the history of science, with the fastest computers, the coldest temperatures and the strongest magnets on Earth. Particle physics re-creates the universe just after the Big Bang and hopes to answer the questions that humans have been asking for eternity; “Where do we come from?”  “What are we made of?”

  4. Some alternative reasons to study this course! 1. I want a nobel prize! 2004 – QCD 2002 – neutrinos 1999 – QFT 1995 -- tau / neutrino 1992 -- particle detectors 1990 -- Deep Inelastic Scattering 1988 -- muon neutrino 1984 -- W&Z bosons 2. I want to understandwhy 5000 physicist worldwide are currently building the world’s largest machine! • LHC @ CERN • 27 km long tunnel,100m underground • French/Swiss Border near Geneva • 2007 onwards Large Hadron Collider (LHC), 14 TeV proton collider 2 PhD places in Glasgow for Oct. 2008 • Origin of mass (Higgs Boson) • New Physics (e.g. Supersymmetry) • Matter anti-matter asymmetry in Universe • (CP Violation)

  5. Standard Model – Particle Physics • Summarises the current knowledge • Quantum theory that includes : • unified theory of weak and electromagnetic (QED) interactions (ElectroWeak) • Strong Interactions (Quantum chromodynamics – QCD) • Does not include gravity • Includes one boson – the Higgs – which has not yet been discovered….

  6. + Higgs boson, spin 0, electric charge 0, mass unknown yet…..

  7. Strength – see section on running coupling constants later

  8. Composite particles Or where the quarks hide…. • Mesons are quark anti-quark system • Integer spin particles • About 140 types are known • Baryons are three quark / three anti-quark systems • About 120 types are known • Details of all known at http://pdg.lbl.gov/ • Some common ones on the next pages

  9. Mesons Light Flavour Mesons

  10. Mesons

  11. Table of Baryons Baryons -1

  12. Baryons -2

  13. Natural Units, =c=1 • Energy GeV • Momentum GeV/c (abbreviated to GeV) • Mass GeV/c2 • Length (GeV/c)-1c=0.197GeVfm=1 [1fm=1E-15m] • Natural unit of length 1GeV-1=0.197fm • Time (GeV/ )-1=6.6E-25GeVs • Natural unit of time 1GeV-1=6.6E-25s • Cross-section (GeV/c)-21barn=10-28m2 • Natural unit of xsec =1GeV-2=0.389mb • Charge - ‘Heavyside-Lorenz units’ ε0=1 • Use dimensionless ‘fine structure constant’

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