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Theme A Modernisation and Transformation in Twentieth-Century Asia. (3) (ii) Southeast Asia: from colonies to independent countries Hong Kong Association of History Educators St. Catharine’s School For Girls, Kwun Tong Lam Mei Yee, Maggie.
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Theme A Modernisation and Transformation in Twentieth-Century Asia (3) (ii) Southeast Asia: from colonies to independent countries Hong Kong Association of History Educators St. Catharine’s School For Girls, Kwun Tong Lam Mei Yee, Maggie
Issue: What is the focus in teaching Southeast Asian history?
Modernisation and Transformation of Japan and Southeast Asia Japan Southeast Asia: from colonies to independent countries
(1) Description of the general situation of Southeast Asia in the first half of the 20th century, focusing on the impact of western colonisation of the region
(2) Reasons for decolonisation of Southeast Asian countries • Internal reasons • External reasons
How much do students know about the independence movements in Southeast Asia? • Are they required to depict the independence movements in Southeast Asia one by one?
(3)Major Patterns of Independence Movements • Different methods in achieving independence • Main features of post-colonial developments
Different Methods of Independence Movements • Through armed struggle (French Indochina & Dutch East Indies) • Setting up of an autonomous government (Burma & Malaya) • Setting up of a caretaker government (The Philippines)
Means in Achieving Independence • Violent means (French Indochina and Dutch East Indies) • Peaceful means (Burma, Malaya and the Philippines)
Main features of post-colonial developments • Internal and external developments of Southeast Asia in general • Relationship and link with other countries, (i.e. Japan, Southeast Asian countries)
General Conditions of Colonies in Southeast Asia Source : http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/11/sse/ht11sse.htm
The Evolution of the ASEAN The Trend towards Regional Cooperation The Broad Trend of Global Cooperation
1955 --- SEATO 1961 --- ASA 1963 --- The Maphilindo 1967 --- ASEAN
Logo of ASEAN Source: http://www.ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logo_ASEAN
ASEAN Map Source: http://www.33ff.com/my_resources/ASEAN_maps/asean_images/image13.htm
Skeleton in ASEAN Closet http:// Source: http://www.caglepost.com/cartoon/Paresh+Nath/44080/Skeleton+in+ASEAN+closet.html
What is the cartoonist’s attitude towards the Treaty of Amity? Source: http://www.nicholsoncartoons.com.au/cartoon_3216.html
The Trend towards Regional Cooperation • Neutrality from 1967-75 1971 --- Issued the Zone of Peace, Freedom and Neutrality Declaration
The Trend towards Regional Cooperation (Cont’d) • Active participation in regional affairs from 1976 onwards --- 1976 Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia (economic cooperation) --- Joint military rehearsals and exchanges of military intelligence (military cooperation) ---1991 ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA)
The Broad Trend of Global Cooperation • 1989 --- The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) • 1994 --- The ASEAN Regional Forum (AFR)
Source: http://www.answers.com/topic/asia-pacific-economic-cooperation