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Learn about the ABO blood group system, including its introduction, genetics, biochemistry, indications for grouping, Landsteiner's rules, and potential discrepancies in typing. Explore the different blood types and their antigens and antibodies.

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  1. Hello

  2. ABO BLOOD GROUP SYSTEM

  3. Introduction • All human blood may look alike but when it is tested using special agents, differences become apparent.

  4. ABO Genes 1 =  A/A            1 = Homozygous A Phenotype A Genotype A/A Can Contribute Only an A Gene to Offspring 2 = A/O 2 = Heterozygous A Phenotype A Genotype A/0 Can Contribute A or O Gene to Offspring

  5. ABO phenotypes and genotypes 1. Group A phenotype = A/A or A/O genotype 2. Group B phenotype = B/B or B/O genotype 3. Group O phenotype = O/O genotype 4. Group AB phenotype = A/B genotype

  6. Blood Type Inheritance

  7. BIOCHEMISTRY OF THE ABO SYSTEM

  8. Production H Antigens

  9. Production A Antigens

  10. Production B Antigens

  11. Indications for ABO grouping • Blood Donors • Transfusion recipients • Transplant Candidates and Donors • Prenatal Patients • Newborns • Paternity testing

  12. Landsteiner's rules for the ABO Blood Group • A person does not have antibody to his own antigens • Each person has antibody to the antigen he lacks (only in the ABO system) • Below are the four blood groups and the antigens and the expected, naturally-occurring antibodies present.

  13. ABO Typing

  14. Discrepancies in ABO typing • Results of forward and reverse typing must agree before reporting out blood type as seen in the about table. • If forward and reverse do not agree, must identify cause of discrepancy. • If cannot resolve discrepancy, must report out blood type as UNKNOWN and give group O blood

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