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A Black President? American’s Increasing Acceptance of Black Political Leaders. Group Members: Kenzie Adam Hyekyung Jung Joe Paulsen Paige Paulson Alex Potkonjak Lauren Shape. Our Poll Question.
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A Black President? American’s Increasing Acceptance of Black Political Leaders Group Members: • Kenzie Adam • Hyekyung Jung • Joe Paulsen • Paige Paulson • Alex Potkonjak • Lauren Shape
Our Poll Question • “If your party nominated a generally well-qualified person for president that happened to be black, would you vote for that person?” (Gallup Poll 1958-2003)
Theoretical Foundations 1. Moscovici’s Theory of Social Innovation and the Role of Opinion Minorities 2. Availability Heuristic
1. Moscovici’s Theory of Social Innovation and the Role of Opinion Minorities • Addresses the role that opinion minorities play in reshaping societal norms • “If you can’t support me and you can’t endorse me, then get out of my way. You do your thing and let me do mine.” Shirley Chisholm • Social norms are “transitory and momentary” • Norms are not static, but rather are in a “continual state of flux as groups respond to internal and external changes and events” (Price and Oshagan, 1995)
2. The Availability Heuristic • Is the consideration to vote for a black candidate even present in voters’ minds? • Reference points: significant events, experiences, the media and we think, most importantly the emergence of blacks in positions of governmental power
Our Prediction Increase in # of black political leaders + # of newspaper articles mentioning black political leaders = Increase in public’s willingness to vote for a black president (reference points)
Methods • Source: New York Times articles, print edition, 1958-2007 • Coding for: # of articles with the black political leader’s name present • Categories: • Members of Congress = 99 • Members of the Cabinet = 13 • Members of the Supreme Court = 2 • Presidential Candidates = 7 • 111 total names, 37,891 articles counted
Methods • Search Terms: everyone searched the name of the person in quotes to ensure uniformity of results • Included articles from all dates • ie. Even if Jesse Jackson was not a candidate in 1980, the article still creates a reference point for the future (availability heuristic) • Limitations: • Computer-aided search (relying on NYT database/skimming abstracts) • False-Negatives (unable to determine) • False-Positives (checked every 20th article up to 100)
Content Analysis Results Number of Newspaper Articles with mention of black leader’s name
Why Should We Care ? Public Opinion Shift From 37% to 95% Support…Why? 1. Media as gatekeepers 2. Changing social norms 3. Influence on individuals’ opinions