Rites and Festivals

1. Rites and Festivals Holidays: Times for Communal Involvement

2. Rites

3. Circumcision of the male child at 8 days. The whole community celebrates. Male Circumcision

4. Bar Mitzvah (Bas Mitzvah girl) boy reaches 13 years of age demonstrates acceptance of Covenant Bar Mitzvah

5. Jewish marriages are very important. Judaism, like many other religions, is matrilineal. Marriage

6. For Jews the dead need to be respected and the living need to move on. There are 4 to 5 periods of mourning. Aninut Shivah Shloshim The First Year Keeping Memory Alive Burial

7. Festivals

8. Pesach (Passover) deliverance from Egypt Pesach

9. Shavuot (Pentecost) harvest and Torah. Moses received the Torah. Shavuot

10. Sukkot (tabernacles) Fall Festival. This commemorates the Jews wandering in the wilderness. Sukkot

11. Purim (deliverance from the Persian Empire). The Queen Esther story. Feast of Purim

12. Rosh Hashana (New Year) Rosh Hashana

13. Yom Kippur (Day of Atonement) Yom Hakippurim

14. Hanukkah (victory over the Syrians in 165 BCE) Hanukkah

15. Yom Hashoa – A time to remember those who died in the Holocaust. Remembering

16. Period 2 Part 2

17. Changes(Period 2 - Part 2) Everything must change

18. JudaismGod’s Promise

19. Jewish Beliefs

20. Jewish Belief • There is no official Jewish creed--however, there are some basic ideas. • Belief in God. God is one, formless, all-knowing, and eternal. God is master of the universe as its creator and judge. God is both loving and just. • Belief in the words of the prophets.

21. Jewish Belief • Belief that God gave the law to Moses. • Belief that the Messiah, the savior to be sent by God, will come some day. • Belief that there will be a resurrection of the good “in the world to come.”

22. Maimonides • Moses Maimonides • Born Cordoba, Spain in 1135 • Died Egypt 1204 • One of the greatest Jewish scholars • Extensive work on the commentary on the Torah http://www.jewishjournal.com/opinion/article/survival_hinges_on_being_light_unto_nations_20080516/

23. 13 Principles of the Jewish Faith • I believe with perfect faith that • God is the creator and Ruler of all things. • that God is one. • God does not have a body. • God is first and last • it is proper to pray to God. • all the words of all of the prophets are true. • the prophecy of Moses is absolutely true. • the entire Torah that we how have is that which was given to Moses. • I believe with perfect faith that • this Torah will not be changed, and there will never be another given by God. • God knows all of a man's deeds and thoughts. • God rewards those who keep his commandments, and punishes those who transgress Him. • in the coming of the Messiah. • God that the dead will be brought back to life when God wills it to happen.

24. Changes in notions(Period 2 - Part 2) • Although the Messiah is the one who will come was literally expected it is no longer interpreted literally. • Along immortality of a literal nature has often been expounded many now emphasize the kind of immortality which comes through one’s offspring, acting virtuously in this world or leaving behind charitable contribution.

25. Notions • Humans have a special role because they are created in the image of God and they have the ability to speak, to reason, to will, to create and to care. • They have the ability to demonstrate divine characteristics to the world.

26. Divisions within Judaism

27. Divisions within Judaism • Cultural Based • Observance Based

28. Cultural Based • Sephardim • Ashkenazim • Falashas, Ethiopian Jews

29. Sephardim These are Jews who lived in medieval Spain until they were expelled in 1492. Those who refused to become Christians moved to North Africa, Italy and Turkey. Cultural Based

30. Ashkenazim A Yiddish-speaking group of Jews who settled in central and northern Europe. The term in Hebrew referred to Germany. Cultural Based

31. Falashas These are Ethiopian Jews who continue to practice sacrifices in their temples. Israelis recognized them publicly as Jews by airlifting many of them to Israel. However, some do not think that they have been completely accepted by the some of the Jewish community. Cultural Based

32. Observance Based • Orthodox Judaism • Conservative Judaism • Reform Judaism • Reconstructionist Judaism

33. The Four Branches of Judaism

34. Orthodox Judaism it came into existence after the Reform began. A branch of Judaism committed to retaining traditional practice and belief. They are hesitant about discarding any traditional practices. Orthodox

35. Among the things that they believe are: In synagogues women are separate from men There must be a quorum of men for service to begin Only men celebrate the coming of age (bar mitzvah) Orthodox

36. Males keep their heads covered Social roles are strictly separate (trad. Men/Women) Orthodox household keep strict rules about diet. Orthodox

37. Frankel Solomon Schchter was an early leader of this branch. The Reform movement was too radical. The Torah and the Talmud must be followed. Practices can vary from synagogue to synagogue. Most of the worship service is in Hebrew. Conservative

38. Males wear head coverings (yarmulkes or kippot) Members are encouraged to observe kashruth, kosher food laws, Shabbat and holidays. Change is accepted but with much study and discussion and carefully weighing all traditions. Conservative

39. David Einhorn and Isaac Mayer Wise inspired this movement in the US. The Torah has moral authority but ceremonial and dietary laws are no longer binding. A need for a Jewish homeland was recognized. Reform Judaism

40. An emphasis is placed on religious practice, observing the Sabbath, and keeping the holidays. Most of the services are in English and males are not required to wear coverings. Men and women can sit together Women can be ordained as Rabbis.

41. Reform Judaism advocated religious tolerance, Judaism could be combined with secular culture and embraced many of the ideas of the European Enlightenment. Reform Judaism

42. Reform synagogue has women and men sitting together, services are conducted in both Hebrew and the native tongue, there are choirs and use of organ. Traditional ways of dressing are dropped. The idea is to totally modernize Judaism to be able to survivecontemporary cultures. More Reform

43. Founded by Mordecai Kaplan. Individuals in this form are introduced to traditional Judaism but are allowed to individually interpret elements. Reconstructionist Judaism

44. Such things as angels, prophecy, revealed law, and the messiah are taken as symbols. God is seen as “the power which makes me follow even higher ideals.” Judaism is seen as a changing cultural force.

45. The Holocaust The Genocide of a People

46. The Holocaust • Adolf Hitler as Chancellor of Germany in 1933 began a campaign to remove the Jews from Germany and eventually Europe. He believed that • Jews were an inferior race. • Jews were conspirators against Germany. • Jewish blood poisoned Germany.

47. The Holocaust • He identified them and sent most of them to extermination camps where they were subjected to human experimentation among other things. • They were divided into two groups--those who were strong enough to work and those who were not.

48. The Holocaust • First Hitler forcibly removed the Jews, stole their property and harassed them. • Then he systematically destroyed the Jews.

49. The Holocaust • The rest were mostly--women, children, the sick and the elderly--were killed immediately. • First they used guns but there were too many--they constructed gas chambers and crematoria.

50. The Holocaust • By the end of the war about 12 million people were killed and they were Jews, homosexuals, gypsies, Jehovah’s Witnesses, prisoners of war and political enemies. • About half of those killed were Jews, approximately 1/3rd of the Jewish population of the world.